Table 3.
Formulation | Surfactant /Co-Surfactant (Non- Lipid Origin) |
Oil/Lipid | Photosensitive Cargo | DH [nm] | EE [%] | Cargo Detection Method | Application | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cholate-modified polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles | - | PLGA, Lipoid S100 | Quercetin | 110 | 96 | HPLC, CLSM | Antileukemic activity | [166] |
Dual alginate-lipid nanocarriers | Tween 20, Span 80, Kolliphor P188 | Glyceryl monostearate, Miglyol 812N | Amphotericin B | 83–120 | 78–81 | HPLC with photodiode array detector | Antimicrobial/ antifungal-PDT | [167] |
Gel-like lipid-based drug delivery systems | PEG 400 caprylic/capric glycerides/PEG-15 hydroxystearate | PEG 300 oleic glycerides, propylene glycol monolaurate and monocaprylate |
Simvastatin | 13–23 | - | UV-Vis spectroscopy | Antihyperlipidemic activity | [168] |
Lipid-based nanocarriers | PEG 660-stearate | Castor oil, Phospholipon 80 | Quercetin | 20 | - | HPLC with ultraviolet detector, NMR spectroscopy | Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity |
[169] |
Double-loaded liposomes | - | Phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol | Lycopene | 143–652 | 58–84 | UV−Vis spectroscopy, DSC, FTIR | Cardioprotective activity | [170] |
Liposomes | - | Phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol | β-carotene | 129 | 86 | UV−Vis spectroscopy | Functional foods and supplements | [171] |
Multiple nanoemulsions | Labrasol/Tween 80, Cremophor EL, PEG 400 |
Labrafil M 1944 CS | Quercetin | 15 | - | CLSM | Anticancer therapy | [172] |
Nanoemulsions | Tween 20, Tween 80, Solutol HS 15, Unitop FFT 40/Transcutol P,ethanol, PEG 400 | Vitamin E, Capmul MCM, Labrafac Lipophile WL 1349, Captex, Capryol 90 | Coenzyme Q10 | 20–31 | - | HPLC with ultraviolet detector | Parkinson’s disease treatment | [173] |
Nanoemulsions | Tween 80 | Soybean oil | Curcumin | 198–272 | - | UV–Vis spectroscopy | Food formulations | [164] |
Nanoemulsions | Tween 80 | MCT oil, lecithin | Curcumin | 114 | 95 | UV–Vis spectroscopy | Functional food and beverage system | [174] |
Nanoemulsions | - | Soybean oil, Lipoid E80 |
Curcumin | 110 | - | CLSM, STED | Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities | [175] |
Nanoemulsions | Tween 80/TPGS | Kollisolv MCT 70 | Curcumin | 17 | 98 | UV–Vis spectroscopy | Anticancer activity against pituitary and colon cell lines | [163] |
Nanoemulsions | Tween 20, Tween 80, Span 80, Labrasol/ Cremophor EL, PEG 400, Transcutol HP, Plurol Oleique CC | Castor oil, oleic acid, Capryol 90, Labrafil M 1944 | Quercetin | 19–126 | - | HPLC with ultraviolet detector | Obesity treatment | [176] |
Nanoemulsions | Tween 80 | Lipoid S75, Miglyol 812 N | D-α-tocopherol | 65–90 | - | - | Antioxidant activity | [177] |
Niosomes | Non-ionic surfactant BRD-BG | Cholesterol | Levofloxacin | 190 | 68 | HPLC, FTIR | Antibiotic therapy | [178] |
NLCs | - | Phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol oleate, | Curcumin | 141 | 92 | HPLC, CLSM | Antioxidant and anticancer activity | [179] |
NLCs | Tween 80 | Glycerol monostearate, octyl and decyl glycerate | Quercetin | 86 | 98 | UV–Vis spectroscopy | Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities | [180] |
NLCs | Pluronic F68, Tween 80 | Gelucire 43/01, Capryol PGMC, GMS, lecithin | Atorvastatin | 163–866 | 76–97 | UV-Vis spectroscopy | Antihyperlipidemic activity | [181] |
NLCs | Pluronic F68 | Stearic acid, oleic acid, lecithin | Simvastatin | 169 | 40–76 | UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR | Antihyperlipidemic activity | [182] |
NLCs | - | Labrafac CC, trilaurin, soy lecithin | IR-780 | 170 | - | UV−Vis spectroscopy | Photothermal anticancer therapies | [183] |
SLNs | - | Phosphatidylcholine, Polawax NF | Baicalein, myricetin, flavonoids cocrystals | 45–104 | 51–92 | UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRPD | Antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities | [184] |
SLNs | TPGS | Cholesterol, palmitic acid |
Curcumin | 139 | 93 | HPLC with ultraviolet detector, FTIR | Brain gliomas and Alzheimer’s disease treatments | [185] |
SLNs | Poloxamer 188 | Dynasan 112, egg lecithin | Rosuvastatin calcium | 67 | 94 | HPLC | Antihyperlipidemic activity | [186] |
SELFs | HCO-30, TO-106V, Transcutol P | Coconut oil, CremerCOOR, MCT 70/30, Capmul MCM, Imwitor 988, 308 | Risperidone | 16–111 | - | FTIR | Antipsychotic activity | [187] |
SNEDDS | Cremophor EL, Labrasol, Tween 80/Transcutol | Isopropyl myristate | Coenzyme Q10 | 11–13 | - | HPLC | Protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis | [188] |
SNEDDS | Tween 80, PEG 400 | Castor oil | Curcumin | 83 | - | HPLC, UV-Vis spectroscopy | Anticancer activity against metastatic breast cancer cells | [165] |
SNEDDS | Transcutol P, Cremophor EL, Cremophor RH40, hydrogenated castor oil | Black seed oil, Imwitor 988 | Curcumin | 18–25 | - | FTIR, ultra-HPLC |
Anti-inflammatory and anticancer treatments | [189] |
SNEDDS | PEG 400, Tween 20, Tween 60, Tween 80, Labrasol, Cremophor EL | Sesame oil, oleic acid, isopropyl myristate, olive oil, ethyl oleate | Quercetin | 27–249 | - | UV–Vis spectroscopy, ultra-HPLC | Brain tumor | [190] |
SNEDDS | Cremophor RH40, Labrafil1944 CS | Capmul MCM EP | Quercetin, resveratrol | 62–214 | - | HPLC, CLSM | Antioxidant therapies | [191] |
SNEDDS | Lauroglycol FCC, Tween 80/Transcutol P | Castor oil | Fisetin | 154–157 | 58–105 | HPLC with photodiode array detector | The cancer, Neurodegenerative disorders treatments | [192] |
Nanoemulsions | Pluronic F68, Tween 80, sodium oleate/glycerin | Soybean oil, ovolecithin | Atorvastatin | 123–151 | 98 | HPLC, FTIR | Antihyperlipidemic activity | [193] |
Abbreviations: CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy; DH, hydrodynamic diameter; DSC, differential scanning calorimetry; EE, entrapment efficiency; FTIR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; NLC, nanostructured lipid carrier; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; PDT, photodynamic therapy; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); SELFs, solid self-emulsifying lipid formulations; SLN, solid lipid nanoparticle; SNEDDS, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems; STED, stimulated emission depletion microscopy; TPGS, D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate; XRPD, X-ray powder diffraction.