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Efficacy of phages (PN05, PN09 and phage cocktail) and 2 mg/mL carvacrol in preventing Psa biofilm formation by Psa (SCJY02-1) after 12 h, 24 h, 36 h or 48 h. Different letters in the column at the same time point (12 h, 24 h, 36 h or 48 h) indicate a statistical difference (p < 0.05). Y-axis means the amount of biofilm formation. Data are the mean ± standard deviation of three independent assays.
