| BLUEs | best linear unbiased estimates |
| DH | doubled haploid; |
| G × E | genotype-by-environment |
| GBLUP | genomic best linear unbiased prediction |
| GBSt | transcriptome genotype-by-sequencing |
| GEBVs | genomic estimated breeding values |
| GS | genomic selection |
| MET | multi-environment trial |
| NIR | near infrared spectroscopy |
| QTL | quantitative trait loci |
| REML | restricted maximum likelihood |
| SNP | single nucleotide polymorphism |