Table 3.
Frequency of liver enzyme elevations in healthy participants treated with candidate antimalarial drugs or piperaquine in the induced blood-stage malaria model
| Severity | ALT (N = 114) | AST (N = 114) |
|---|---|---|
| Normal | 73 (64.0) | 93 (81.6) |
| Grade 1, mild (1.25–2.5 × ULN), n (%) | 21 (18.4) | 8 (7.0) |
| Grade 2, moderate (2.6–5 × ULN), n (%) | 10 (8.8) | 5 (4.4) |
| Grade 3, severe (5.1–10 × ULN), n (%) | 4 (3.5) | 5 (4.4) |
| Grade 4, very severe (> 10 × ULN), n (%) | 6 (5.3) | 3 (2.6) |
ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ULN = upper limit of normal. Grades are based on the WHO Adverse Event Grading System9