Table 1.
Summary of publicly available data on the proportion of hookworm infections attributed to A. ceylanicum in humans worldwide published between 2013 and 2019
| Author and year | Reference number | Study country | Diagnostic tools used | Proportion of hookworm-positive samples | Type of infection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koehler et al., 2013 | 26 | Australia | PCR-coupled SSCP | 18.2% (2/11) | Mono-infection |
| Phosuk et al., 2013 | 27 | Thailand | Agar plate culture + PCR | 10% (3/30) | Mono-infection |
| Inpankaew et al., 2014 | 25 | Cambodia | PCR + Sanger sequencing for Ancylostoma spp. | 46.0% (57/124) | Mono-infection |
| 3.2% (4/124) | N. americanus/A. ceylanicum | ||||
| 1.6% (2/124) | A. duodenale/A. ceylanicum | ||||
| 0.8% (1/124) | N. americanus/A. duodenale/A. ceylanicum | ||||
| George et al., 2015 | 28 | India | Semi-nested PCR-RFLP | 4.9% (2/41) | Mono-infection |
| Aung et al., 2017 | 29 | Myanmar | PCR | 27.3% (3/11) | Mono-infection |
| Bradbury et al., 2017 | 30 | Solomon Islands | Kato–Katz + PCR | 16.7% (11/66) | Mono-infection |
| 1.5% (1/66) | N. americanus/A. ceylanicum | ||||
| Papaiakovou et al., 2017 | 31 | Timor-Leste | Semi-nested PCR-RFLP | 95.5% (21/22) | Ancylostoma spp. |
| Argentina | PCR | 0% (0/8) | Ancylostoma spp. | ||
| O’ Connell et al., 2018 | 32 | Thailand (Myanmar refugees) | Semi-nested PCR-RFLP, qPCR | 17.4% (83/476 baseline) 4.7% (6/128, follow-up) 0% (0/29, follow-up) | – |
A. ceylanicum = Ancylostoma ceylanicum; N. americanus = Necator americanus. Systematic review findings are summarized chronologically.