Table 2.

Multivariable analyses of odds ratio for hospital mortality using three definitions of sepsis

Sepsis definition:	qSOFA ≥ 2	P-value	Clinically suspected systemic infection	P-value	qSOFA ≥ 2 plus clinically suspected systemic infection	P-value
Sepsis	2.2 (0.4–11.3)	0.363	12.3 (1.2–123.5)	0.032	5.7 (0.8–38.8)	0.075
Gender	–	–	–	–	–	–
Female	–		Reference		–
Male	–		3.5 (0.7–17.3)	0.119	–
Age	–	–	1.1 (0.9–1.1)	0.051	–	–
Vital signs at HDU/ICU admission
Heart rate	1.0 (0.9–1.0)	0.075	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	0.060	1.0 (0.9–1.0)	0.085
Mean arterial pressure	0.9 (0.9–1.0)	0.175	0.9 (0.9–1.0)	0.092	0.9 (0.9–1.0)	0.185
Presence of fever (> 38.4°C) during course	2.6 (0.7–9.8)	0.166	5.1 (1.2–21.3)	0.024	2.3 (0.6–9.3)	0.237
Laboratory measurements
HIV positive	7.8 (1.2–48.5)	0.028	–	–	7.3 (1.1–48.3)	0.039

C = Celsius; HDU = high-dependency unit; ICU = intensive care unit; IQR = interquartile range; mmHg = millimeters of mercury; OBGyn = obstetrics and gynecology; qSOFA = quick sequential organ failure assessment. Original variables included in the multivariable model before backward selection included the following: sepsis status, gender, age, postoperative status, heart rate at ICU/HDU admission, mean arterial pressure at ICU/HDU admission, presence of fever during ICU/HDU course, HIV status, and malaria status. Continuous variables were analyzed according to increments of 1 unit (e.g., 1 year for age, one beat per minute for heart rate, 1 mmHg for mean arterial pressure, and 1°C for temperature). All models were statistically significant at P < 0.05.