Table 2.

Various nanomaterials and their role in wound healing.

Nanomaterials	Role in Wound Healing	References
Ag NPs	Intrinsic antibacterial agent Conjugated with polymer in scaffold for synergistic antibacterial activity Synergistic activity in nanocomposite for gene nanotherapy	[40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47] [48] [49]
Au NPs	Intrinsic antibacterial agent Nanocarriers for antibiotics to reach target site Synergistic activity in nanocomposite for hyperthermia treatment Effectively used siRNA delivery for gene nanotherapy	[50,51,52,53,54,55] [56] [57] [58]
BP	Mostly used as photothermal agent for hyperthermia treatment Embedded in hydrogel or as a moldable platform for wound healing	[59] [60]
Chitosan	As wound-dressing material Used with metal, metal oxide for synergistic antibacterial and wound-healing properties Conjugated with other nanomaterials in scaffold formation and antibacterial activity	[27,61,62] [53,61,63] [64,65,66]
CNTs	Intrinsic antibacterial agent Photothermal agent for hyperthermia treatment	[13,67] [68]
Fullerene	Intrinsic antibacterial agent	[67,69]
Graphene	Conjugated with metal, metal oxide for synergistic antibacterial and wound-healing properties Photothermal agent for hyperthermia treatment Synergistic activity in nanocomposite for gene nanotherapy	[47] [70] [49]
Iron oxide NPs	Synergistic antibacterial activity in scaffold AMF-mediated hyperthermia treatment	[71] [72,73,74]
Liposomes	Primarily used as nanocarriers for antibiotics to reach target site	[60,75,76]
PLGA NPs	Nanocarriers for antibiotics to reach target site Nanocarriers for NO release at target site Hybrid scaffold material	[77] [78] [79]
Silica NPs	Nanocarriers for NO release at target site	[80]
ZnO NPs	Intrinsic antibacterial agent for wound dressing Conjugated with polymer in scaffold for synergic antibacterial activity	[81,82] [66]

BP, black phosphorus; CNTs, Carbon nanotubes; NO, Nitric oxide; NPs, Nanoparticles; PLGA, Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).