Table 2.
Identification and semiquantification of main volatile compounds (peak area × 10−6) in turbot after 0, 15 and 27 days of the storage.
| Compounds | 0 d | 15 d | 27 d | Odor Description | References | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AP | VP | MAP1 | MAP2 | MAP3 | MAP4 | MAP1 | MAP2 | MAP3 | MAP4 | ||||
| Alcohols | |||||||||||||
| 1-Penten-3-ol | 4.06 ± 0.32A | 7.59 ± 0.18 a,B | 5.35 ± 0.3 b,B | 5.84 ± 0.08 b,B | 5.65 ± 0.17 b,B | 6.03 ± 0.21 c,B | 6.24 ± 0.13 d,B | 10.63 ± 0.37 a, C | 12.17 ± 0.14 b,C | 15.26 ± 0.42 c,C | 16.42 ± 0.28 d, C | Burnt, meaty, grassy-green | [30,31] |
| 1-Octen-3-ol | 4.7 ± 0.35A | 7.06 ± 0.16 a,B | 3.83 ± 0.46 b,B | 6.39 ± 0.62 c,B | 5.62 ± 0.27 d,B | 5.69 ± 0.36 d,B | 6.60 ± 0.57 e,B | 13.63 ± 1.11 a, C | 11.23 ± 0.3 b,C | 17.45 ± 1.32 c,C | 19.38 ± 1.63 d, C | Mushroom | [30,32] |
| 2-Octyn-1-ol | 8.67 ± 0.83A | ND | 1.88 ± 0.16 a,B | 1.05 ± 0.13 b,B | 1.01 ± 0.06 b,B | 1.21 ± 0.04 c,B | 2.70 ± 0.32 d,B | ND | ND | 1.82 ± 0.18 a,C | 1.25 ± 0.15 b, C | Mushroom | [33] |
| (Z)-2-Penten-1-ol | ND | 0.85 ± 0.13 a,A | 0.73 ± 0.08 b,A | ND | 0.93 ± 0.18 c,A | 1.15 ± 0.36 d,A | 1.28 ± 0.28 e,A | 0.83 ± 0.15 a, B | 1.32 ± 0.33 b,B | 1.87 ± 0.19 c,B | 1.68 ± 0.31 d, B | Green, plastic | [31,34] |
| 1-Hexanol | 2.63 ± 0.47A | 0.46 ± 0.13 a,B | 1.92 ± 0.27 b,B | 2.38 ± 0.16 c,B | 2.74 ± 0.38 d,B | 1.85 ± 0.43 e,B | 1.74 ± 0.2 ef,B | 1.23 ± 0.18 a, C | 1.52 ± 0.36 b,C | 0.56 ± 0.16 c,C | 0.47 ± 0.12 c,C | Grassy, woody, fatty | [31,35] |
| 1-Heptanol | ND | 1.49 ± 0.25 a,A | 2.03 ± 0.3 b,A | 1.86 ± 0.43 c,A | 2.72 ± 0.56 d,A | 1.56 ± 0.24 e,A | 1.39 ± 0.37 f,A | ND | ND | ND | ND | Fresh, light green, nutty | [30,31] |
| 2-ethyl-2-Hexen-1-ol | ND | ND | 0.86 ± 0.23 a,A | 0.61 ± 0.15 ab,A | ND | 0.84 ± 0.17 b,A | 1.36 ± 0.26 c,A | 0.73 ± 0.19 a, B | ND | ND | 0.61 ± 0.08 a,B | Citrus, floral, sweet | [35] |
| (E)-2-Octen-1-ol | ND | ND | 0.85 ± 0.26 a,A | 0.73 ± 0.17 b,A | 0.68 ± 0.02 b,A | 0.90 ± 0.32 c,A | 0.63 ± 0.18 d,A | 0.48 ± 0.12 a, B | 0.53 ± 0.14 ab,B | 0.36 ± 0.08 b,B | ND | Green | [36] |
| Aldehydes | |||||||||||||
| Hexanal | 32.91 ± 3.23A | 35.68 ± 2.8 a,B | 28.2 ± 1.54 b,B | 33.73 ± 3.62 c,B | 30.54 ± 1.1 d,B | 37.38 ± 2.38 e,B | 36.87 ± 6.3 f,B | 43.6 ± 3.85 a, C | 39.69 ± 2.78 b,C | 52.49 ± 4.83 c,C | 55.38 ± 3.78 d,C | Fishy, grass | [30,32] |
| (Z)-4-Heptenal | 0.68 ± 0.13 A | 3.64 ± 0.83 a,B | 2.18 ± 0.36 b,B | 2.69 ± 0.28 c,B | 2.35 ± 0.63 d,B | 3.12 ± 0.35 e,B | 3.08 ± 0.6 e,B | 4.32 ± 0.78 a, C | 5.59 ± 1.86 b,C | 7.13 ± 2.03 c,C | 6.83 ± 1.41 cd,C | Boiled potato, biscuit-like | [30,31] |
| 2-methyl-butanal | 4.63 ± 1.3 A | 2.38 ± 0.58 a,B | 3.12 ± 0.75 b,B | 3.91 ± 1.25 c,B | 3.62 ± 0.3 d,B | 2.73 ± 0.47 e,B | 2.54 ± 0.82 f,B | 1.32 ± 0.38 a, C | 0.87 ± 0.15 b,C | ND | ND | Green, almond, strong burnt, | [30,31] |
| Heptanal | 6.59 ± 1.68 A | 7.32 ± 1.36 a,B | 5.87 ± 0.8 b,B | 6.32 ± 0.75 c,B | 6.79 ± 1.2 d,B | 7.41 ± 1.56 e,B | 7.63 ± 0.85 ef, B | 8.78 ± 1.35 a, C | 7.36 ± 0.99 b,C | 9.33 ± 1.86 c,C | 10.21 ± 2.38 d,C | Dry fish green, fatty, rancid | [30,32] |
| Benzaldehyde | 5.72 ± 1.08 A | 2.14 ± 0.49 a,B | 5.36 ± 1.27 b,B | 4.69 ± 1.56 c,B | 5.87 ± 0.95 d,B | 6.19 ± 1.61 e,B | 5.08 ± 1.36 f,B | 2.55 ± 0.68 a, C | 2.73 ± 0.67 ab,C | 2.38 ± 0.17 b,C | 1.84 ± 0.37 c,C | Bitter almond, burnt sugar, woody | [30,32] |
| (E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal | 5.54 ± 1.35 A | 6.39 ± 2.3 a,B | ND | 5.03 ± 0.47 b,B | 4.72 ± 1.32 bc,B | 5.78 ± 0.56 c,B | 6.18 ± 1.78 d,B | 5.69 ± 0.96 a, C | 4.56 ± 1.32 b,C | 7.03 ± 1.75 c,C | 7.37 ± 1.68 d,C | Fatty, fishy, oxidized oil-like | [30,32] |
| Octanal | 5.43 ± 1.3 A | 10.73 ± 2.46 a,B | 7.18 ± 1.83 b,B | 7.47 ± 1.86 c,B | 6.85 ± 0.85 d,B | 8.03 ± 2.3 e,B | 7.96 ± 1.76 f,B | 13.60 ± 3.2 a, C | 12.05 ± 1.86 b,C | 16.72 ± 2.78 c,C | 18.36 ± 3.36 d,C | Grassy, rancid, soapy, citrus | [30,32] |
| (E)-2-Octenal | 1.22 ± 0.53 A | 4.68 ± 1.12 a,B | 2.38 ± 0.68 b,B | 2.68 ± 0.79 bc,B | 3.03 ± 1.02 c,B | 4.19 ± 1.36 d,B | 3.87 ± 0.88 e,B | 6.95 ± 1.35 a, C | 6.43 ± 2.13 b,C | 8.18 ± 2.56 c,C | 8.72 ± 2.78 d,C | Aromatic, oxidized oil-like | [30,32] |
| Nonanal | 9.82 ± 2.36 A | 2.03 ± 0.63 a,B | 2.29 ± 1.02 b,B | 1.63 ± 0.23 c,B | 2.03 ± 0.22 d,B | 2.81 ± 1.08 e,B | 1.61 ± 0.02 f,B | 1.56 ± 0.06 a,C | 1.05 ± 0.32 b,C | 0.72 ± 0.04 c,C | 0.92 ± 0.31 d,C | Gravy, green, floral, waxy, soapy, fatty, citrus fruit | [30,32] |
| (E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal | 0.52 ± 0.13 A | 1.78 ± 0.58 a,B | 0.63 ± 0.23 b,B | 0.42 ± 0.08 c,B | 0.86 ± 0.19 d,B | 1.36 ± 0.36 e,B | 1.52 ± 0.72 f,B | ND | ND | 1.53 ± 0.2 a,C | 1.68 ± 0.62 ab,C | Cucumber-like, fatty, green | [31,37] |
| Decanal | 1.47 ± 0.35 A | 0.38 ± 0.17 a,B | 0.43 ± 0.18 b,B | 0.54 ± 0.13 c,B | 0.43 ± 0.2 cd,B | 0.53 ± 0.18 d,B | 0.38 ± 0.12 de,B | ND | ND | ND | ND | Citrussy | [37] |
| 2,3-Octanedione | 2.58 ± 1.36 A | 8.62 ± 2.11 a,B | 3.86 ± 1.23 b,B | 4.78 ± 1.26 c,B | 5.03 ± 1.38 d,B | 6.83 ± 1.82 e,B | 6.61 ± 1.37 ef,B | 8.63 ± 2.32 a,C | 10.39 ± 1.78 a,C | 14.27 ± 2.85 a,C | 13.69 ± 3.3 a,C | Oxidized fat | [38] |
| (E,E)-3,5-Octadien-2-one | 4.42 ± 1.37 A | 1.75 ± 0.29 a,B | 1.25 ± 0.26 b,B | ND | 0.97 ± 0.23 c,B | 1.36 ± 0.47 d,B | 0.83 ± 0.35 bc,B | ND | 0.63 ± 0.17 a,C | 1.08 ± 0.28 b,C | ND | Fruity, grassy, mushroom | [31,39] |
| 2-Undecanone | 1.39 ± 0.48 A | 1.89 ± 0.79 a,B | 1.37 ± 0.28 b,B | 1.63 ± 0.74 c,B | 1.47 ± 0.05 cd,B | 1.58 ± 0.38 cd,B | 1.46 ± 0.52 cd,B | 0.78 ± 0.3 a,C | 0.53 ± 0.18 b,C | 0.73 ± 0.23 ab,C | 0.85 ± 0.35 c,C | Fruity-rosy, orange-like | [31,39] |
| 2,3-Pentanedione | ND | 1.65 ± 0.26 a,A | 0.45 ± 0.17 b,A | 0.84 ± 0.23 c,A | 1.05 ± 0.18 d,A | 1.48 ± 0.36 a,A | 1.26 ± 0.25 dA | ND | ND | 1.84 ± 0.73 a,B | 0.76 ± 0.11 b,B | Butter scotch, almond, fruity | [31] |
| 3-Pentanone | ND | 2.54 ± 0.6 a,A | ND | 1.68 ± 0.15 b,A | 2.32 ± 0.38 a,A | 3.15 ± 1.37 c,A | 2.78 ± 0.86 d,A | 2.63 ± 1.02 a,B | 2.08 ± 0.77 b,B | 5.74 ± 2.3 c,B | ND | Irritant, acetone | [32] |
ND: Not detected. Different uppercase letters in the same group from different day indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05). Different lowercase letters in different groups from the same day indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05).