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. 2020 Jun 11;9(6):1826. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061826

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Pre-specified structural equation modelling (SEM) of the pathophysiology cycle for frailty. By convention, circles (orange) represent latent variables and rectangles represent observed variables. Blue rectangle = Frailty criteria. The direction of the arrow indicates the hypothetical pathway, as proposed by Fried et al.