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. 2020 Jun 11;9(6):1826. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061826

Figure 5.

Figure 5

The pathways of the frailty phenotype leading to. Circles (orange) = latent variables; Rectangles = observed variables; Correlations: dotted lines; Regressions: solid lines; Covariance: * p value (for regressions) < 0.05; Blue rectangle = Frailty criteria; Green rectangle = Outcome. Latent variables represent non-observed variables but which summarize a set of directly observed variables. Latent variables are constructed by using strong correlations between observed variables. Regressions are then used to assess association between latent variables and outcomes.