The relative abundance of microbes at the phylum and genus levels was changed upon consumption of inulin and the Jerusalem artichoke. (A–C) The relative abundance of microbes at the phylum level ((A) Actinobacteria, (B) Bacteroidetes, (C) Firmicutes). (D–L) The relative abundance of microbes at the genus level ((D) Bifidobacterium, (E) Bacteroides, (F) Parabacteroides, (G) Prevotella, (H) Lactobacillus, (I) Lactococcus, (J) Streptococcus, (K) Oscillospira, (L) Allobaculum). All values are represented as mean ± SEM (cellulose (n = 9), inulin (n = 9), Jerusalem artichoke (n = 9)). ## p < 0.01, # p < 0.05 vs. cellulose, evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn post-hoc test.