Figure 11.

Relative expression levels of key genes involved in the metabolism of flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenylpropanoid and ABA in leaves of Onobrychis viciifolia under high-altitude Tongde (TD) and low-altitude Minhe (MH). (A) Flavonoid metabolism-related genes. (B) Anthocyanin metabolism-related genes. (C) Phenylpropanoid metabolism-related genes. (D) ABA metabolism-related genes. The expression level of each gene in MH-grown plants was set as 1. Bars represent means ± SDs of three biological replicates. * and ** indicate statistically significant differences between TD-grown and MH-grown plants at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively, as determined by a Student’s t-test.