Figure 11.

Effect of RUT on the COX-2 pathway evaluated by histopathological and morphometric analysis in jejunal sections. hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed for morphometric and histopathological analysis of tissues after incubation with celecoxib. Saline (A); 5-FU (B); RUT-200 (C); CLX (D); RUT and CLX (E); Height of villi (F); Depth of crypts (G); Villus/Crypt ratio (H). The histopathological issues are indicated by arrows. Inflammatory cell infiltration (red arrow), decreased intestinal villi (black arrow), and loss of intestinal crypt architecture (blue arrow). Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was used, followed by the Tukey test. # p < 0.05 vs. saline group, * p < 0.05 vs. 5-FU group. 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; RUT, rutin.