Table 1.
Essential oil compositions of Ocotea, Nectandra and Licaria species from Brazil.
| Species | Collection Site | Date | Plant Part | Extraction Type | Major Components | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L. canella | Manaus, AM | October, 2007 | Leaf | HD | Profile I, dry season: benzyl benzoate (69.70%), α-copaene (4.99%), and α-phellandrene (4.20%) | [56] |
| L. canella | Manaus, AM | February, 2008 | Leaf | HD | Profile I, rainy season: benzyl benzoate (73.00%), α-copaene (4.51%), and α-phellandrene (3.33%) | [56] |
| L. martiniana | Belém, PA | March, 2008 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (41.70%), β-selinene (7.90%), and linalool isovalerate (5.90%) | [25] |
| L. martiniana | Belém, PA | March, 2008 | Stem | HD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (21.40%), spathulenol (11.50%), and linalool (6.50%) | [25] |
| L. puchury-major | Belém, PA | Not reported | Seed | SD | Profile I: safrole (51.30%), 1,8-cineole (25.50%), and α-terpineol (8.60%) | [16] |
| L. puchury-major | Belém, PA | Not reported | Seed | HD | Profile II: safrole (38.80%), 1,8-cineole (21.70%), and limonene (8.27%) | [57] |
| L. puchury-major | Belém, PA | Not reported | Seed | SD | Profile II: safrole (36.11%), 1,8-cineole (21.12%), and limonene (12.20%) | [15] |
| L. puchury-major | Manaus, AM | July, 2002 | Seed | HD | Profile III: safrole (58.40%), dodecanoic acid (13.70%), and α-terpineol (8.40%) | [58] |
| L. puchury-major | Borba, AM | June, 2006 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: safrole (39.40%), 1,8-cineole (27.60%), and sabinene (8.50%) | [52] |
| L. rigida | Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (59.40%), caryophyllene oxide (12.10%), and α-humulene (7.80%) | [26] |
| L. rigida | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (76.09%), α-humulene (6.61%), and viridiflorene (4.65%) | [27] |
| L. rigida | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile II: δ-cadinene (10.53%), β-caryophyllene (9.73%), β-bourbonene (9.44%), and α-copaene (8.89%) | [27] |
| L. rigida | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile III: 6-methoxyelemicin (51.86%), β-caryophyllene (15.33%), and selin-11-en-4α-ol (9.68%) | [27] |
| L. rigida | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Twig | HD | Profile I: caryophyllene oxide (29.88%), 14-hydroxy-9-epi-β-caryophyllene (10.28%), and β-caryophyllene (8.92%) | [27] |
| L. rigida | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Twig | HD | Profile II: 6-methoxyelemicin (63.31%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (23.99%), α-selinene (2.45%), and terpinen-4-ol (2.31%) | [27] |
| L. rigida | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Branch | HD | Profile I: γ-cadinene (12.04%), terpinen-4-ol (10.67%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (7.67%), and ledol (6.68%) | [27] |
| L. rigida | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Branch | HD | Profile II: 6-methoxyelemycin (39.55%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (21.82%), and terpinen-4-ol (9.97%) | [27] |
| N. amazonum | Cáceres, MS | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (28.50%), intermedeol (16.20%), and germacrene B (14.80%) | [28] |
| N. barbellata | Ribeirão Grande, SP | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: δ-cadinene (11.42%), β-caryophyllene (9.79%), and α-muurolol (7.56%) | [3] |
| N. cuspidata | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (26.90%), bicyclogermacrene (16.00%), and spathulenol (5.20%) | [29] |
| N. gardneri | Campo Grande, MS | Not reported | Stem bark | HD | Profile I: intermedeol (58.20%), α-amorphene (8.00%), agarospirol (4.00%), germacrene D (3.50%) and α-elemene (3.50%) | [28] |
| N. grandiflora | Botocatu, SP | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I, spring, summer, fall and winter: iso-bicyclogermacrenal (39.10%, 27.80%, 39.60%, 29.60%), spathulenol (13.30%, 18.50%, 11.10%, 20.10%), rosadiene (11.60%, 16.60%, 11.20%, 15.10%) | [23] |
| N. grandiflora | Jaguari, RS | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile II: dehydrofukinone (26.85%), valencene (6.89%), kaurene (6.03%), and selin-11-en-4-α-ol (5.34%) | [45] |
| N. grandiflora | Jaguari, RS | October-november, 2013 | Leaf | HD | Profile III: dehydrofukinone (24.70%), bicyclogermacrene (5.93%), and kaurene (5.49%) | [46] |
| N. hihua | Maracaju, MS | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Bicyclogermacrene (28.10%), germacrene D (13.80%), and β-caryophyllene (9.0%) | [28] |
| N. lanceolata | Barracão, RS | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (32.50%), bicyclogermacrene (27.80%), and spathulenol (11.80%) | [31] |
| N. lanceolata | Mundo Novo, MS | February–march, 2013 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: bicyclogermacrene (18.20%), spathulenol (16.90%), and β-caryophyllene (12.45%) | [30] |
| N. lanceolata | Mundo Novo, MS | February–march, 2013 | Stem bark | HD | Profile I: guaiol (13.2%), cubenol (7.50%),γ-cadinene (7.5%), and α-eudesmol (7.0%) | [30] |
| N. lanceolata | Botocatu, SP | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile II, fall (May), winter (August): iso-bicyclogermacrenal (41.8%; 30.0%), spathulenol (11.9%; 20.2%), rosadiene (3.1%; 6.1%) | [23] |
| Spring (November), summer (February): iso-bicyclogermacrenal (34.1%; 34.3%), bicyclogermacrene (12.1%; 4.8%), spathulenol (7.6%; 15.9%) | ||||||
| N. leucantha | Ecological Park of Pereque, Cubatão, SP | December, 2012 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: bicyclogermacrene (28.44%), germacrene A (7.34%), α-pinene (6.59%), and spathulenol (5.82%) | [33] |
| N. megapotamica | Santa Maria-RS | November, 2010–September, 2011 | Leaf (young) | HD | Profile I, spring, summer, fall and winter: α-pinene (33.23%, 28.3%, 21.46% and 17.46%), β-pinene (17.8%, 15.43%, 13.86% and 10.36%), bicyclogermacrene (15.4%, 32.93%, 26.83% and 23.1%), germacrene D (6.4%, 10.43%, 9.4% and 10.13%) | [24] |
| N. megapotamica | Santa Maria-RS | November, 2010–September, 2011 | Leaf (Adult) | HD | Profile I, spring, summer, fall and winter: α-pinene (36.86%, 34.86%, 24.86%, and 15.5%),β-pinene (18.76%, 20.23%, 15.96%, and 10.06%), bicyclogermacrene (17.96%, 25.5%, 22.1%, and 23.6%), germacrene D (3.53%, 6.36%, 7.83%, and 9.8%). | [24] |
| N. megapotamica | Santa Maria, RS | November, 2010 | Leaf (young) | HD | Profile I: bicyclogermacrene (46.47%), α-pinene (26.82%), germacrene D (9.61%), and β-pinene (7.95%) | [32] |
| N. megapotamica | Santa Maria, RS | November, 2010 | Leaf (adult) | HD | Profile I: bicyclogermacrene (34.56%), α-pinene (26.19%), β-pinene (12.30%), germacrene D (9.2%) | [32] |
| N. megapotamica | Barracão, RS | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile II: bicyclogermacrene (33.40%), germacrene D (16.8%), and limonene (14.1%) | [31] |
| N. megapotamica | Maracaju, MS | April, 2014 | Leaf | HD | Profile III: bicyclogermacrene (66.7%), germacrene D (18.2%), and elemicin (5.6%) | [48] |
| N. megapotamica | Ponta Porã, RS | April, 2014 | Leaf | HD | Profile IV: δ-elemene (32.2%), bicyclogermacrene (28.2%), and α-asarone (10.3%) | [48] |
| N. megapotamica | Ponta Porã, RS | April, 2014 | Leaf | HD | Profile IV: δ-elemene (37.9%), bicyclogermacrene (26.3%), and α-asarone (15.0%) | [48] |
| N. megapotamica | Campo Grande, MS | October, 2013 | Leaf | HD | Profile V: α-asarone (22.6%), δ-elemene (15.6%), and α-santalene (11.8%) | [48] |
| N. megapotamica | Campo Grande, MS | November, 2013 | Leaf | HD | Profile VI: elemicin (35.9%), bicyclogermacrene (24.8%), and δ-3-carene (10.9%) | [48] |
| N. megapotamica | Campo Grande, MS | November, 2013 | Leaf | HD | Profile VII: elemicin (52.7%), and bicyclogermacrene (8.9%), and α-pinene (5.7%) | [48] |
| N. megapotamica | São Paulo-SP | February and August, 2007 | Leaf | HD | Profile VIII, summer: α-bisabolol (68.55%) and δ-elemene (12.2%). | [47] |
| Profile VIII, winter: α-bisabolol (63.55%) and δ-elemene (22.55%). | ||||||
| N. megapotamica | São Paulo-SP | November, 2014 | Leaf | HD | Profile IX: α-bisabolol (59.7%), δ-elemene (13.8%), and iso-spathulenol (11.3%) | [48] |
| N. megapotamica | São Paulo-SP | November, 2014 | Leaf | HD | Profile X: α-bisabolol (84.3%), germacrene D (4.0%), and β-bisabolene (2.5%) | [48] |
| N. megapotamica | São Paulo-SP | November, 2014 | Leaf | HD | Profile XI: α-bisabolol (93.7%), β-ocimene (1.5%) and germacrene D (1.4%) | [48] |
| N. megapotamica | São Paulo-SP | November, 2014 | Leaf | HD | Profile XII: iso-spathulenol (26.8%), δ-elemene (23.8%), and β-bisabolene (13.3%) | [48] |
| N. megapotamica | São Paulo-SP | November, 2014 | Leaf | HD | Profile XIII: β-sesquiphellandrene (32.0%), β-bergamotene (19.0%), and α-bisabolol (8.9%) | [48] |
| N. megapotamica | Botocatu, SP | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile XIV, spring (November): α-pinene (18.2%), β-pinene (16.2%), α-phellandrene (10.0%) | [23] |
| Summer (February): bicyclogermacrene (14.80%), α-phellandrene (11.0%), α-pinene (10.1%), and β-pinene (9.6%) | ||||||
| Fall (May): α-pinene (25.1%), β-pinene (22.3%), and bicyclogermacrene (9.1%) | ||||||
| Winter (August): α-pinene (20.1%), β-pinene (18.5%), and bicyclogermacrene (10.6%) | ||||||
| N. megapotamica | Campo Grande, MS | Not reported | Stem bark | HD | Profile I elemicin (41.7%), α-asarone (19.7%), and α- pinene (8.5%) | [28] |
| N. megapotamica | Campo Grande, MS | Not reported | Stem bark | HD | Profile II: α-asarone (42.4%), α-cadinol (14.4%), and τ-cadinol (8.1%) | [28] |
| N. puberula | Santarém, PA | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: apiole (22.2%), β-caryophyllene (15.1%), and β-pinene (13.3%) | [29] |
| N. puberula | Santarém, PA | Not reported | Branch | HD | Profile I: apiole (28.1%), pogostol (19.8%), and guaiol (11.2%) | [29] |
| O. acutifolia | São Francisco de Assis, RS | May, 2011 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: caryophyllene oxide (56.9%), calarene epoxide (11.74%), and τ-elemene (8.17%) | [49] |
| O. bicolor | Curitiba, PR | August, 2015 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: δ-cadinene (7.39%), β-sesquiphellandrene (6.67%), β-elemene (5.41%), and α-cadinol (5.23%) | [34] |
| O. bracteosa | Santa Rita, PB | May, 2004 | Stem bark | HD | Profile I: δ-cadinene (12.4%), ledene (11.1%), and globulol (10.1%) | [35] |
| O. caniculata | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: β-selinene (20.3%), β-caryophyllene (18.9%), and 7-epi-α-selinene (14.3%) | [36] |
| O. caniculata | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Branch | HD | Profile I: selin-11-en-4α-ol (20.6%), β-selinene (12.1%), and 7-epi-α-selinene (9.0%) | [36] |
| O. caudata | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: bicyclogermacrene (29.6%), germacrene D (19.9%), α-pinene (9.8%), and β-pinene (9.7%) | [36] |
| O. caudata | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Branch | HD | Profile I: δ-cadinene (13.8%), germacrene D (8.9%), β-guaiene (8.3%), and α-muurolol (7.8%) | [36] |
| O. cujumary | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (22.2%), caryophyllene oxide (12.4%), 2-tridecanone (7.30%), and δ-cadinene (6.6%) | [36] |
| O. cujumary | Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Branch | HD | Profile I: 2-tridecanone (30.0%), limonene (20.5%), and β-caryophyllene (8.1%) | [36] |
| O. cymbarum | Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Stem bark | HD | Profile I: α-selinene (25.8%), δ-cadinene (18.6%), and terpinen-4-ol (9.0%) | [26] |
| O. duckei | Santa Rita, PB | March, 2005 | Leaf | SD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (60.54%), α-humulene (4.63%), and δ-selinene (4.4%) | [38] |
| O. duckei | Santa Rita, PB | March, 2005 | Stem bark | SD | Profile I: β-eudesmol (27.51%), α-pinene (9.02%), limonene (6.65%), and borneol (6.18%) | [38] |
| O. duckei | Santa Rita, PB | March, 2005 | Fruit | SD | Profile I: limonene (30.12%), β-pinene (12.25%), and α-pinene (9.89%) | [38] |
| O. duckei | Santa Rita, PB | March, 2005 | Root | SD | Profile I: elemol (24.31%), β-elemene (16.69%), and β-eudesmol (13.44%) | [38] |
| O. duckei | Senhorzinho Cabral Forest, Camocim of São Félix, PE | September, 2010 | Leaf | HD | Profile II: β-caryophyllene (18.1%), valencene (17.6%), and elemol (6.8%) | [37] |
| O. elegans | Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Carapebus, RJ | November, 2014–january, 2015 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: sesquirosefuran (92.2%) | [51] |
| O. gardneri | Forest of Cruzina, Igarassú, PE | March, 2008 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: germacrene D (26.9%), bicyclogermacrene (21.7%), β-caryophyllene (6.1%), and germacrene B (4.9%) | [39] |
| O. gardneri | Igarassú, PE | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: germacrene D (26.96%), bicyclogermacrene (20.73%) and viridiflorol (5.52%) | [40] |
| O. gardneri | not reported | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (29.28%), α-pinene (15.4%), kaurene (18.35%), and β-pinene (8.93%) | [41] |
| O. glomerata | Senhorzinho Cabral Forest, Camocim of São Félix, PE | September, 2010 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: aromadendrene (17.3%), β-caryophyllene (14.6%), α-pinene (6.90%), and γ-terpinene (6.40%) | [37] |
| O. indecora | Ribeirão Grande, SP | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: bicyclogermacrene (29.79%), valerianol (15.12%), β-pinene (11.41%), and spathulenol (11.16%) | [3] |
| O. lancifolia | Santa Maria, RS | April, 2013–march, 2014 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: Seasonal study: April, June, August: caryophyllene oxide (36.40–40.6%), allo-himachalol (6.2–8.0%), bulnesol (6.0–7.10%), and bicyclogermacrene (5.8–6.1%). | [50] |
| May: β-chenopodiol (20.9%), kaurene (11.9%), (Z)-nerolidyl acetate (9.3%), and caryophyllene oxide (7.0%). | ||||||
| July: β-chenopodiol (17.4%), (Z)-nerolidyl acetate (8.7%), α-guaiene (5.0%), and (E)-β-ocimene (4.9%). | ||||||
| September, October: caryophyllene oxide (42.2/46.4%), bicyclogermacrene (6.3/7.3%), allo-himachalol (5.7/5.9%), and calarene epoxide (5.5/6.7%). | ||||||
| November, January, February, March: caryophyllene oxide (38.6–42.2%), bicyclogermacrene (6.7–7.80%), allo-himachalol (5.9–7.4%) | ||||||
| O. lancifolia | Santa Maria, RS | April and May, 2013 | Inflorescences | HD | Profile I: seasonal study, April: caryophyllene oxide (34.9%), bicyclogermacrene (8.1%), and β-chenopodiol (6.0%) | [50] |
| May: β-chenopodiol (38.7%), α-guaiene (6.0%), and (Z)-nerolidyl acetate (4.5%) | ||||||
| O. lancifolia | Santa Maria, RS | July–november, 2013 | Fruit | HD | Profile I: seasonal study, July: β-chenopodiol (17.1%), β-ocimene (6.2%), and γ-muurolene (4.7%) | [50] |
| August, September: caryophyllene oxide (46.2%, 52.1%), bicyclogermacrene (8.9%, 9.9%), and β-ocimene (2.8%, 3.1%) | ||||||
| October: caryophyllene oxide (48.1%), bicyclogermacrene (6.7%), and (E)-iso-valencenol (3.8%) | ||||||
| November: caryophyllene oxide (27.9%), bicyclogermacrene (6.9%), and allo-himachalol (6.7%) | ||||||
| O. limae | Igarassú, PE | March, 2008 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: spathulenol (13.3%), β-caryophyllene (12.4%), bicyclogermacrene (11.3%), and germacrene D (10.9%) | [39] |
| O. longifólia | Melgaço, PA | Not reported | Stem bark | HD | Profile I: dillapiole (15.2%), δ-cadinene (20.0%), α-cubebene (6.5%), and α-copaene (5.1%) | [26] |
| O. nigrescens | Manaus, AM | March, 2008 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (37.9%), β-pinene (6.9%), α-pinene (6.6%), and α-copaene (6.2%) | [44] |
| O. notata | Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Carapebus, RJ | November, 2006 | Leaf | SD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (22.9%), germacrene A (22.7%), α-pinene (8.7%), and β-pinene (6.9%) | [42] |
| O. odorifera | Machado, MG | July, 2016 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: safrole (36.3%), γ-cadinene (6.6%), camphor (6.5%), and α-copaene (6.0%) | [55] |
| O. odorifera | Marcelino Ramos, RS | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile II: camphor (43.0%), safrole (42.0%), camphene (6.0%), limonene (3.0%) | [53] |
| O. odorifera | Marcelino Ramos, RS | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile II: safrole (40.23%), camphor (34.35%), limonene (7.42%), and camphene (5.02%) | [54] |
| O. puberula | Curitiba, PR | Not reported | Leaf | HD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (31.0%), bicyclogermacrene (14.0%), β-elemene (9.7%), and longifolene (8.7%) | [43] |
| O. puberula | Curitiba, PR | Not reported | Branch | HD | Profile I: bicyclogermacrene (31.0%), β-caryophyllene (14.0%), β-pinene (7.9%), and β-elemene (5.3%) | [43] |
| O. splendens | Manaus, AM | March, 2008 | Leaf | HD | Profile I: β-caryophyllene (51.0%), caryophyllene oxide (9.9%), and α-humulene (6.2%) | [44] |