Table 5.

List of effective antimicrobial phenolic compounds derived from plants extracts.

Compound	Mechanisms of Action	Target	References
p-Coumaric Caffeic acid Ferulic acid	Damaging the cytoplasmic membrane by inducing ion leakages and proton influx	Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus hilgardii	[135]
Myricetin	Inhibition of the intrinsic efflux pump system	Mycobacterium smegmatis	[136]
Luteolin	Inhibition of the intrinsic efflux pump system	Mycobacteria spp.	[136,137]
Naringenin Eriodictyol Taxifolin	Inhibition of β-Ketoacyl–Acyl Carrier Protein Synthase III (PfKASIII)	Enterococcus faecalis	[138]
Quercetin	Inhibition of the intrinsic efflux pump system	S. aureus	[139]
	Targeting d-Alanine:d-alanine Ligase	Helicobacter pylori and E. coli	[140]
Apigenin	Targeting d-Alanine:d-alanine Ligase	Helicobacter pylori and E. coli	[140]
Kaempferol	Inhibition of the intrinsic efflux pump system	C. albicans and S. aureus	[141,142]