Table 1.
Chemical analysis of Piper coruscans essential oil.
| N. | Constituents | Essential Oil | Hydrolate | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identification | DB-5ms | HP-INNOWax | DB-5ms | HP-INNOWax | DB-5ms | HP-INNOWax | |||||||
| LRI 1 | LRI 2 | LRI 1 | LRI 3 | % 4 | σ 5 | % 4 | σ 5 | mg/100 mL | σ 5 | mg/100 mL | σ 5 | ||
| 1 | α-pinene | 925 | 932 | 1014 | 1028 6 | 2.4 | 0.77 | 3.0 | 0.94 | - | - | - | - |
| 2 | camphene | 936 | 946 | 1056 | 1075 6 | trace | - | trace | - | - | - | - | - |
| 3 | β-pinene | 968 | 974 | 1103 | 1118 6 | 1.3 | 0.20 | 1.6 | 0.25 | - | - | - | - |
| 4 | myrcene | 986 | 988 | 1163 | 1166 7 | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.2 | 0.03 | - | - | - | - |
| 5 | α-phellandrene | 1001 | 1002 | 1159 | 1167 7 | trace | - | 0.2 | 0.03 | - | - | - | - |
| 6 | δ-3-carene | 1003 | 1008 | 1142 | 1144 7 | trace | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0.04 | - | - | - | - |
| 7 | limonene | 1023 | 1024 | 1194 | 1197 8 | 0.5 | 0.34 | 0.7 | 0.27 | - | - | - | - |
| 8 | p-mentha-2,4(8)-diene | 1078 | 1085 | 1278 | - | 0.1 | 0.23 | trace | - | - | - | - | - |
| 9 | p-cymene | 1019 | 1020 | 1267 | 1281 6 | trace | - | trace | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10 | 1,8-cineole | 1025 | 1026 | 1201 | 1220 9 | 0.3 | 0.20 | 0.5 | 0.26 | 0.6 | 0.20 | 0.4 | 0.06 |
| 11 | linalool | 1100 | 1095 | 1555 | 1556 6 | 5.2 | 2.10 | 4.5 | 1.79 | 15.7 | 1.42 | 12.3 | 1.95 |
| 12 | terpinen-4-ol | 1172 | 1174 | - | - | trace | - | trace | - | 0.3 | 0.02 | 0.3 | 0.05 |
| 13 | α-terpineol | 1188 | 1186 | - | - | 0.2 | 0.09 | trace | - | 1,0 | 0.07 | 0.8 | 0.13 |
| 14 | α-cubebene | 1337 | 1348 | 1449 | 1461 7 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 0.04 | - | - | - | - |
| 15 | cyclosativene | 1352 | 1369 | 1465 | 1522 10 | trace | - | trace | - | - | - | - | - |
| 16 | α-copaene | 1363 | 1374 | 1479 | 1502 6 | 3.7 | 0.74 | 3.9 | 0.73 | - | - | - | - |
| 17 | β-bourbonene | 1369 | 1387 | 1507 | 1517 7 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| 18 | β-cubebene | 1376 | 1387 | 1530 | 1542 11 | trace | - | trace | - | - | - | - | - |
| 19 | β-elemene | 1379 | 1389 | - | - | 0.2 | 0.07 | trace | - | - | - | - | - |
| 20 | α-gurjunene | 1392 | 1400 | 1518 | 1530 12 | 0.2 | 0.06 | 0.2 | 0.08 | - | - | - | - |
| 21 | (E)-β-caryophyllene | 1405 | 1417 | 1587 | 1589 13 | 24.1 | 5.31 | 25.0 | 5.26 | - | - | - | - |
| 22 | β-copaene | 1414 | 1430 | 1581 | 1579 14 | 0.3 | 0.06 | 0.3 | 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| 23 | β-ylangene | 1421 | 1419 | 1562 | 1576 14 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.04 | - | - | - | - |
| 24 | aromadendrene | 1425 | 1439 | 1632 | 1637 15 | trace | - | trace | - | - | - | - | - |
| 25 | β-gurjunene | 1434 | 1431 | 1579 | 1590 7 | trace | - | 0.4 | 0.09 | - | - | - | - |
| 26 | 6,9-guaiadiene | 1440 | 1442 | 1658 | 1674 6 | 0.1 | 0.03 | trace | - | - | - | - | - |
| 27 | α-humulene | 1454 | 1452 | 1668 | - | 11.6 | 1.80 | 12.0 | 1.70 | - | - | - | - |
| 28 | cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene | 1462 | 1465 | 1772 | 1788 14 | 0.4 | 0.08 | trace | - | - | - | - | - |
| 29 | cis-muurola-4(14),5-diene | 1465 | 1461 | - | - | 0.4 | 0.20 | trace | - | - | - | - | - |
| 30 | β-selinene | 1472 | 1489 | 1706 | 1705 8 | 3.3 | 0.47 | 3.1 | 0.38 | - | - | - | - |
| 31 | α-selinene | 1480 | 1498 | 1712 | 1725 14 | 3.5 | 0.44 | 3.4 | 0.49 | - | - | - | - |
| 32 | bicyclogermacrene | - | - | 1722 | 1734 14 | trace | - | 0.2 | 0.03 | - | - | - | - |
| 33 | γ-muurolene | 1483 | 1478 | 1697 | 1689 14 | 0.6 | 0.30 | 0.5 | 0.24 | - | - | - | - |
| 34 | α-amorphene | 1486 | 1483 | 1679 | 1676 16 | 0.7 | 0.23 | 0.4 | 0.03 | - | - | - | - |
| 35 | valencene | 1498 | 1496 | 1699 | 1728 14 | 0.5 | 0.05 | 0.4 | 0.04 | - | - | - | - |
| 36 | α-muurolene | 1502 | 1511 | 1717 | 1734 6 | 0.2 | 0.16 | 0.4 | 0.24 | - | - | - | - |
| 37 | δ-cadinene | 1506 | 1522 | 1750 | 1764 6 | 2.8 | 0.19 | 2.8 | 0.33 | - | - | - | - |
| 38 | trans-cadina-1,4-diene | 1518 | 1533 | - | - | 0.1 | 0.08 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 39 | cis/trans-calamenene | - | - | 1824 | 1834 6 | trace | - | 0.3 | 0.06 | - | - | - | - |
| 40 | trans-cadina-1(6),4-diene | - | - | 1882 | - | trace | - | 0.7 | 0.25 | - | - | - | - |
| 41 | α-cadinene | 1522 | 1537 | 1783 | 1769 6 | 0.1 | 0.03 | trace | - | - | - | - | - |
| 42 | α-calacorene | 1525 | 1544 | 1907 | 1914 16 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 0.07 | - | - | - | - |
| 43 | β-calacorene | 1546 | 1564 | 1948 | 1940 6 | 0.3 | 0.17 | trace | - | - | - | - | - |
| 44 | (E)-nerolidol | 1558 | 1561 | 2045 | 2051 6 | 4.0 | 1.10 | 3.7 | 0.97 | - | - | - | - |
| 45 | caryophyllene oxide | 1564 | 1582 | 1964 | 1989 6 | 10.9 | 3.38 | 9.3 | 2.52 | 0.6 | 0.09 | 0.5 | 0.11 |
| 46 | humulene epoxide II | 1591 | 1608 | 2023 | 2047 14 | 4.1 | 1.25 | 3.6 | 1.10 | 0.4 | 0.10 | 0.2 | 0.06 |
| 47 | ledol | 1583 | 1602 | 2016 | 2035 12 | 0.2 | 0.16 | 0.2 | 0.10 | - | - | - | - |
| 48 | spathulenol | - | - | 2118 | 2126 6 | trace | - | 1.3 | 0.52 | 0.4 | 0.07 | 0.3 | 0.05 |
| 49 | caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5α-ol | 1618 | 1639 | 2293 | 2301 17 | 2.0 | 1.40 | 1.6 | 0.67 | trace | - | 0.2 | 0.05 |
| 50 | α-muurolol (= torreyol) | 1633 | 1644 | 2195 | 2142 12 | 3.7 | 1.30 | 3.4 | 1.32 | 0.6 | 0.09 | 0.5 | 0.13 |
| 51 | 14-hyroxy-(Z)-caryophyllene | 1657 | 1666 | 2378 | - | 2.0 | 0.89 | 1.9 | 0.65 | - | - | - | - |
| 52 | amorpha-4,9-dien-2-ol | 1671 | 1700 | 2358 | - | 0.6 | 0.40 | 0.4 | 0.16 | - | - | - | - |
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 4.4 | 5.8 | - | - | |||||||||
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | 5.7 | 5.0 | 17.6 | 13.8 | |||||||||
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 53.7 | 54.7 | - | - | |||||||||
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 27.5 | 25.4 | 2.0 | 1.7 | |||||||||
| Others | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Total | 91.3 | 90.9 | 19.6 | 12.1 | |||||||||
1 Calculated linear retention indices (LRI); 2 reference linear retention indices according to [21]; 3 reference linear retention indices according to other literature; 4 percentage quantitative analysis; 5 standard deviation; trace < 0.1%; mw = molecular weight; 6 [22]; 7 [23]; 8 [24]; 9 [25]; 10 [26]; 11 [27]; 12 [28]; 13 [29]; 14 [30]; 15 [31]; 16 [32]; 17 [33].