Figure 3.

Scheme of exercise interventions in animal studies. The experimental PAH was induced by a monocrotaline (MCT) injection in all included animal studies. The MCT injections (red line) and training programs were scheduled for different time points to assess various effects of exercise training (ET). In all studies [42,45,74,75,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86], an adaptation period, highlighted in grey, was provided for 1–5 weeks to familiarize the rats with the treadmill running and adjust a similar baseline level. The periods of the training interventions are marked in white boxes (modified according to Moreira-Gonçalves et al. [87]).