Table 8.
Summary of studies examining psychological factor–QoL (n = 14).
| Author (Year) | Cohort | Exercise Intervention | Duration | Outcome Measures | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [11] Mereles et al. (2006) | human (n = 30) | combined training + RMT | 15 weeks | SF-36 | ↑ QoL in physical (p = 0.013) and mental (p = 0.027) component |
| [76] Shoemaker et al. (2009) | human (n = 2) | cycling | 6 weeks | CRQ CAMPHOR |
↑ QoL in both subjects (no SS) ↑ QoL in one subject (no SS) |
| [91] Martínez-Quintana et al. (2010) | human (n = 8) | combined training | 12 weeks | SF-12 | No improvement in QoL |
| [37] Grünig et al. (2011) | human (n = 58) | combined training + RMT | 15 weeks | SF-36 | ↑ QoL (p < 0.05) |
| [53] Ganderton et al. (2011) | human (n = 19) | combined training | 2 × 12 weeks | SF-36 CAMPHOR |
No SS in improved QoL No SS in improved QoL |
| [12] Grünig et al. (2012a) | human (n = 183) | combined training + RMT | 15 weeks | SF-36 | ↑ QoL (p < 0.05) |
| [93] Grünig et al. (2012b) | human (n = 21) | combined training + RMT | 15 weeks | SF-36 | ↑ QoL in physical functioning (p = 0.025), general health perception (p = 0.049), social functioning (p = 0.008), mental health (p = 0.033) and vitality (p = 0.021) |
| [36] Becker-Grünig et al. (2013) | human (n = 20) | combined training + RMT | 15 weeks | SF-36 | No SS in improved QoL ↑ in bodily pain score (p = 0.05) |
| [69] Chan et al. (2013) | human (n = 23) | running | 10 weeks | SF-36 CAMPHOR |
↑ QoL in ET (group × time effect) (p < 0.05) ↑ QoL in ET (group × time effect) (p < 0.05) |
| [96] Ehlken et al. (2016) | human (n = 87) | combined training + RMT | 15 weeks | SF-36 | No SS in improved QoL ↑ in ET group vitality score (p = 0.036) |
| [97] Bussotti et al. (2017) | human (n = 15) | combined training + RMT | 4 weeks | HADS EQ-5D |
↓ anxiety and depression (p < 0.01) ↑ QoL (p < 0.01) |
| [73] Gerhardt et al. (2017) | human (n = 22) | WBV | 4 weeks | SF-36 LPH |
↑ QoL in ET (group × time effect) ↑ QoL (p < 0.001) ↓ LPH total score (p < 0.001) |
| [98] González-Saiz et al. (2017) | human (n = 40) | combined training + RMT | 8 weeks | SF-36 | ↑ QoL in mental component (No SS) ↑ QoL in physical component (time effect) (p = 0.002) |
| [77] Brown et al. (2018) | human (n = 11) | walking | 12 weeks | SF-36 | ↑ QoL in physical component (p = 0.02) ↑ in physical functioning (p = 0.03) and energy/fatigue score(p = 0.02) |
CAMPHOR, Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review; RQ, Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire; ET, exercise training; LPH, living with pulmonary hypertension questionnaire; QoL, quality of life; RMT, respiratory muscle training; SF-36, Short Form 36; SS, statistical significance; WBV, whole-body vibration.