Table 10.

Summary of effects on cellular, molecular, physiological, and psychological factors in correlation with different types of ET (negative (−), neutral (0), or positive (+)).

	BNP	NO	RVH	FEC	QoL
aerobic ET						[79] Souza-Rabbo et al. (2008)
			+			[80] Handoko et al. (2009)
			0	+	0	[77] Shoemaker et al. (2009)
				+/0	+	[69] Chan et al. (2013)
						[81] Colombo et al. (2013)
			0	+		[88] Weinstein et al. (2013)
						[82] Colombo et al. (2015)
	+		0			[83] Moreira-Gonçalves et al. (2015)
			+			[75] Natali et al. (2015)
			0			[84] Colombo et al. (2016)
			0			[85] Nogueira-Ferreira et al. (2016)
			+			[86] Pacagnelli et al. (2016)
			+			[74] Enache et al. (2017)
			-			[45] Zimmer et al. (2017)
	0	0	0	+	+	[77] Brown et al. (2018)
anaerobic ET	0		0	+	+	[73] Gerhardt et al. (2017)
HIIT		+	+	+		[42] Brown et al. (2017)
combined ET	0			+/0		[89] Man et al. (2009)
				+		[90] Mainguy et al. (2010)
				0	0	[91] Martínez-Quintana et al. (2010)
	0			+		[92] Fox et al. (2011)
	0			+/0/−	0	[53] Ganderton et al. (2011)
combined ET + RMT				+	+	[11] Mereles et al. (2006)
			0	+	+	[37] Grünig et al. (2011)
				+	+	[12] Grünig et al. (2012a)
	0			+	+	[93] Grünig et al. (2012b)
	-			+	0	[36] Becker-Grünig et al. (2013)
				+		[94] Ley et al. (2013)
				+		[95] Kabitz et al. (2014)
	0			+	0	[96] Ehlken et al. (2016)
	0		0	+	+	[97] Bussotti et al. (2017)
	0			+	+	[98] González-Saiz et al. (2017)

The combination +/0 or +/0/− is due to the fact that some studies used different tests. BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; ET, exercise training; FEC, functional exercise capacity; HIIT, high intensity interval training; NO, nitric oxide; QoL, quality of life; RMT, respiratory muscle training; RVH, right ventricular hypertrophy.