Table 1.
No. | Compound | Rt | KIExp | KILit | T. polium | T. decussatus | Identification b | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HD | MAE | HD | MAE | ||||||
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | |||||||||
1 | α-Thujene | 4.57 | 925 | 925 | 0.52 ± 0.01 a | 1.26 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | ---- | MS, KI |
2 | α-Pinene | 4.77 | 935 | 936 | 8.94 ± 0.06 | 11.58 ± 0.09 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
3 | Camphene | 5.80 | 954 | 954 | ---- | 0.44 ± 0.02 | ---- | 0.30 ± 0.02 | MS, KI |
4 | 2,4(10)-Thujadiene | 5.96 | 961 | 960 | ---- | 0.32 ± 0.01 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
5 | Sabinene | 7.44 | 975 | 975 | 2.94 ± 0.04 | 1.14 ± 0.03 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
6 | β-Pinene | 7.54 | 978 | 979 | 7.38 ± 0.05 | 8.20 ± 0.09 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.54 ± 0.03 | MS, KI |
7 | α-Myrcene | 10.19 | 986 | 986 | 2.90 ± 0.04 | ---- | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 1.04 ± 0.03 | MS, KI |
8 | p-Cymene | 10.20 | 1024 | 1026 | ---- | ---- | 3.61 ± 0.04 | 16.98 ± 0.10 | MS, KI |
9 | Limonene | 10.94 | 1034 | 1033 | 1.10 ± 0.02 | 0.58 ± 0.03 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
10 | α-Terpinene | 12.18 | 1018 | 1018 | ---- | ---- | ---- | 1.01 ± 0.03 | MS, KI |
11 | β-Terpinene | 12.23 | 1031 | 1032 | ---- | ---- | 0.23 ± 0.01 | ---- | MS, KI |
12 | β-Phellandrene | 12.64 | 1045 | 1044 | ---- | ---- | ---- | 0.21 ± 0.01 | MS, KI |
13 | γ-Terpinene | 14.43 | 1061 | 1061 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | ---- | 0.49 ± 0.01 | 2.51 ± 0.06 | MS, KI |
14 | β-Terpinolene | 15.15 | 1084 | 1086 | ---- | ---- | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.34 ± 0.01 | MS, KI |
Oxygenated monoterpenes | |||||||||
15 | α-Fenchyl alcohol | 12.70 | 1106 | 1107 | 0.39 ± 0.02 | ---- | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
16 | cis-Verbenol | 13.65 | 1142 | 1144 | 0.34 ± 0.03 | ---- | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
17 | Menthol | 14.17 | 1181 | 1182 | ---- | ---- | ---- | 0.54 ± 0.01 | MS, KI |
18 | α-Terpineol | 20.28 | 1189 | 1189 | 0.44 ± 0.03 | ---- | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
19 | Thymol methyl ether | 20.41 | 1236 | 1237 | ---- | ---- | ---- | 0.03 ± 0.01 | MS, KI |
20 | Dihydrocarvone | 21.31 | 1243 | 1242 | ---- | ---- | ---- | 0.06 ± 0.01 | MS, KI |
21 | Carvacrol | 22.79 | 1304 | 1304 | ---- | ---- | 94.40 ± 0.52 | 75.91 ± 0.61 | MS, KI |
22 | α-Terpinenyl acetate | 25.21 | 1349 | 1350 | 0.51 ± 0.02 | ---- | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
23 | Thymyl acetate | 28.55 | 1357 | 1357 | ---- | ---- | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | MS, KI |
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | |||||||||
24 | α-Cubebene | 21.37 | 1351 | 1351 | ---- | 1.10 ± 0.03 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
25 | α-Bourbonene | 25.43 | 1374 | 1374 | ---- | 0.48 ± 0.04 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
26 | α-Copaene | 25.77 | 1377 | 1376 | 0.47 ± 0.02 | 1.34 ± 0.04 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
27 | β-Elemene | 26.52 | 1385 | 1384 | ---- | 0.42 ± 0.03 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
28 | Longifolene | 27.61 | 1401 | 1402 | ---- | ---- | 0.07 ± 0.01 | ---- | MS, KI |
29 | cis-Caryophyllene | 27.89 | 1410 | 1409 | 0.97 ± 0.03 | 1.72 ± 0.05 | 0.33 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | MS, KI |
30 | Clovene | 29.37 | 1426 | 1425 | ---- | ---- | 0.13 ± 0.01 | ---- | MS, KI |
31 | Aromadendrene | 29.55 | 1440 | 1439 | 3.86 ± 0.04 | 0.33 ± 0.03 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | MS, KI |
32 | β-Neoclovene | 30.56 | 1455 | 1454 | ---- | ---- | 0.04 ± 0.01 | ---- | MS, KI |
33 | α-Gurjunene | 30.74 | 1475 | 1475 | 0.68 ± 0.03 | ---- | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
34 | Germacrene-D | 31.99 | 1480 | 1480 | 2.21 ± 0.06 | 7.25 ± 0.46 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
35 | β-Selinene | 33.44 | 1485 | 1485 | ---- | ---- | 0.04 ± 0.01 | ---- | MS, KI |
36 | Guaia-1(10),11-diene | 33.72 | 1488 | 1488 | ---- | 1.69 ± 0.07 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
37 | β-Muurolene | 34.08 | 1493 | 1493 | 0.57 ± 0.04 | 5.55 ± 0.06 | ---- | 0.05 ± 0.01 | MS, KI |
38 | α-Muurolene | 34.54 | 1498 | 1499 | 0.72 ± 0.01 | 7.64 ± 0.58 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
39 | δ-Cadinene | 35.03 | 1525 | 1524 | 7.04 ± 0.31 | 25.13 ± 0.43 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | MS, KI |
40 | Cadina-1(10),4-diene | 35.89 | 1530 | 1530 | ---- | 1.83 ± 0.05 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | |||||||||
41 | Spathulenol | 28.61 | 1515 | 1516 | ---- | 0.51 ± 0.02 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
42 | 1,5-Epoxy-salvial-4(14)-ene | 29.64 | 1548 | 1548 | 0.86 ± 0.02 | 0.78 ± 0.03 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
43 | Ledol | 29.67 | 1564 | 1565 | 0.69 ± 0.04 | 0.58 ± 0.03 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
44 | 4-epi-Cubebol | 29.29 | 1572 | 1574 | ---- | 0.30 ± 0.01 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
45 | Germacrene D-4-ol | 30.71 | 1578 | 1577 | 5.65 ± 0.31 | ---- | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
46 | Τ-Cadinol | 32.23 | 1638 | 1640 | 2.06 ± 0.05 | 7.61 ± 0.12 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
47 | Cubenol | 32.31 | 1641 | 1642 | ---- | 0.35 ± 0.01 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
48 | Τ-Muurolol | 32.74 | 1646 | 1646 | 12.88 ± 0.15 | ---- | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
49 | α-Cadinol | 34.16 | 1654 | 1653 | 2.01 ± 0.03 | 5.49 ± 0.10 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
50 | Alloaromadendrene oxide | 39.89 | 1672 | 1672 | 0.53 ± 0.01 | 6.09 ± 0.23 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
51 | 6-Epi-shyobunol | 41.92 | 1682 | 1680 | 33.00 ± 0.72 | 0.29 ± 0.01 | ---- | ---- | MS, KI |
Non-oxygenated hydrocarbons | |||||||||
52 | Nonadecane | 45.04 | 1900 | 1900 | ---- | ---- | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | MS, KI |
53 | Heptacosane | 51.54 | 2700 | 2700 | ---- | ---- | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | MS, KI |
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 24.12 | 23.52 | 4.74 | 22.93 | |||||
Oxygenated monoterpenes | 1.68 | 0 | 94.45 | 76.6 | |||||
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 16.52 | 54.48 | 0.73 | 0.34 | |||||
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 57.68 | 22 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Non-oxygenated hydrocarbons | 0 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.13 | |||||
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Rt: retention time, KILit: published Kovats retention indices; KIexp: Kovats index determined experimentally relative to C8–C28 n-alkanes; a Values are mean ± standard deviation; b the identification of EO constituents based on the comparison of the mass spectral data and Kovats indices (KI) with those of NIST Mass Spectral Library (2011) and Wiley Registry of Mass Spectral Data 8th edition and literature. HD: hydrodistillation, MAE: microwave-assisted extraction.