Table 1.
Summary of literature on PAVM embolization outcomes of various embolic devices published in the last 10 years.
| Study | Total # PAVMs Embolized | # Persistent PAVMs Embolized | Mean PAVM Feeding Artery Diameter (mm, ±SD) * | Embolic Devices | Technical Success ** | Mean Follow-Up, Years | Persistence Rate at Follow-Up | Complications † |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Letourneau-Guillon 2010 [101] | 35 | 0 | 5.0 (3.0–10.0) | AVP | 97% | 1.1 | 7% | Major: None Minor: Chest pain (4) |
| Trerotola 2010 [61] | 37 | 0 | Not reported (all ≥ 5 mm) |
AVP + coils | 100% | 1.1 | 0% | Major: None Minor: Chest pain (7) |
| Tapping 2011 [100] | 19 | 2 | Not reported (3.0–12.0 mm) | AVP type I (8) AVP type II (11) |
100% | 2.3 (Type I) 1.5 (Type II) |
5% (Type I) 0% (Type II) |
Major: None Minor: Chest pain (1) |
| Hundt 2012 [105] | 11 | 0 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | AVP + coils | 91% | Not specified | 12.5% | Major: None Minor: Chest pain (4) Hemoptysis (1) |
| Kucukay 2014 [102] | 24 | 0 | 11.5 ± 2.2 | AVP | 100% | 3.0 | 0% | Major: None Minor: Chest pain (5) |
| Shimohira 2015 [64] | 24 | 12 | 3.8 (1.4–5.2) | Coils | 100% | 2 (median) | 49% (primary embolization) 100% (repeat embolization) |
Not reported |
| Conrad 2015 [106] | 20 | 0 | 3.5 (1.9–5.0) | MVP (19) MVP + coils (1) |
100% | 0.3 | 10% | Major: None Minor: Microemboli to toe (1) |
| Tau 2016 [104] | 63 | 0 | Not reported | Coils (37) AVP (21) AVP + coils (5) |
100% | 7.7 | 18.9% (coils) 0% (AVP) 0% (AVP + coils) |
Major: None Minor: None |
| Stein 2017 [95] | 141 | 0 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | Coils | 100% | 1.6 | 21% | Major: None Minor: Chest pain (21) Groin infection (1) Hematoma (Not specified) Effusion (Not specified Flushing (Not specified) |
| Mahdjoub 2018 [108] | 39 | 6 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | MVP | 98% | 1.0 | 6% | Not reported |
| Andersen 2019 [103] | 322 | 30 | Not reported (all ≥ 2 mm) |
Coils (213) AVP (89) Detachable balloon (13) AVP + coils (7) |
100% | 4.8 | 11.7% (Coils) 4.5% (AVP) 0% (Balloon) 14.3% (AVP + coils) |
Not reported |
| Bailey 2019 [110] | 119 | 0 | 3.3 ± 1.2 | MVP | 100% | 0.9 | 0% | Major: None Minor: Chest pain (1) |
| Ratnani 2019 [109] | 157 | 0 | 2.3 (1.0–5.9, MVP) 2.8 (1.0–7.6, Other) |
MVP (92) Coils (24) AVP (35) AVP + coils (6) |
100% (MVP) 100% (Coils) 97% (AVP) 100% (AVP + coils) |
1.4 (MVP) 3.3 (Other) |
2% (MVPs) 46.7% (Coils) 15% (AVP) 20% (AVP + coils) |
Major: None Minor: Asymptomatic Pulmonary Infarcts (1) |
| Lee 2019 [98] | 19 | 0 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | AVP | 100% | 1.2 | 16% | Major: None Minor: Tachycardia (1) Chest pain (1) |
| Kennedy 2020 [94] | 46 | 0 | 4.3 ± 1.5 (Nester) 4.4 ± 1.4 (Interlock) |
Nester coils (26) Interlock coils (20) |
100% | 1.2 | 0% (Nester) 5.6% (Interlock) |
Major: None Minor: Chest pain (5) Migraine (3) Minor hemoptysis (1) |
| Adachi 2020 [99] | 88 | 0 | 4.1 ± 2.1 | Coils (50) AVP (20) AVP + coils (18) |
100% | 3.2 | 22% (Coils) 10% (AVP) 39% (AVP + coils) |
Major: None Minor: Not reported |
* Range is provided when standard deviation was not specified. ** Technical success defined as complete angiographic occlusion of PAVM at end of procedure. † Value in parenthesis indicates the number of cases of a given complication. # Symbol defined as “Number of”.