Table 1.
Baseline demographic, clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical characteristics of patients, stratified according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition consensus.
| Characteristic | No Malnutrition n = 82 (54%) |
Malnutrition n = 70 (46%) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 77.8 ± 7.8 | 78.7 ± 7.3 | 0.4664 |
| Genre M/F (n, %) | 47/35 (57/43) | 40/30 (57/43) | 0.9827 |
| Education (n, %) | |||
| None | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.8812 |
| Primary School | 45 (55) | 40 (57) | |
| Secondary School | 17 (21) | 17 (24) | |
| High School | 17 (21) | 10 (14) | |
| University | 3 (3) | 3 (5) | |
| Co-morbidities > 3 (n, %) | 37 (45) | 32 (46) | 0.9417 |
| MMSE score | 21.4 ± 6.6 | 19.9 ± 5.8 | 0.1420 |
| Weight (kg) | 76.7 ± 14.2 | 71.8 ± 16.0 | 0.0473 |
| Height (m) | 1.63 ± 0.1 | 1.62 ± 0.08 | 0.5021 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.9 ± 5.9 | 27.4 ± 5.5 | 0.1091 |
| Arm circumference (cm) | 28.6 ± 4.0 | 27.2 ± 4.4 | 0.0417 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 104.2 ± 10.7 | 99.7 ± 13.0 | 0.0206 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 100.6 ± 10.5 | 99.2 ± 11.6 | 0.4159 |
| Waist-to-Hip ratio | 1.04 ± 0.11 | 1.00 ± 0.08 | 0.0126 |
| Tricipital skinfold thickness (cm) | 13.2 ± 4.7 | 12.6 ± 5.4 | 0.4651 |
| Bicipital skinfold thickness (cm) | 11.5 ± 4.6 | 9.8 ± 5.7 | 0.0437 |
| Subscapular skinfold thickness (cm) | 16.5 ± 6.2 | 14.0 ± 5.2 | 0.0085 |
| Supra-iliac skinfold thickness (cm) | 18.4 ± 7.0 | 13.7 ± 5.2 | <0.0001 |
| Total proteins (g/dL) | 6.4 ± 0.6 | 6.0 ± 0.8 | 0.0006 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 0.0265 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 147 ± 36 | 116 ± 52 | <0.0001 |
| Lymphocytes (n × 103/mm3) | 1.9 ± 2.5 | 2.6 ± 3.9 | 0.1837 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.8 ± 2.9 | 9.6 ± 1.9 | <0.0001 |
| Iron (mg/dL) | 53.4 ± 32.7 | 47.3 ± 36.0 | 0.0839 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD (continuous variables) or frequency and percentage (categorical variables). Statistical differences were assessed by Student’s t-test (continuous variables) or by Pearson’s Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test (categorical variables). M, male; F, female; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination. Bold: statistically significant.