. 2020 Jun 17;10(6):916. doi: 10.3390/biom10060916

Table 4.

Biological activity of HEO_Fl and HEO_Lv and their commercially available constituent compounds in human neutrophils.

Essential Oil or Pure Compound	Composition (%)		Ca²⁺ Flux ^a	Chemotaxis ^b	ROS Production ^c
Essential Oil or Pure Compound			IC₅₀ (μg/mL)
HEO_Fl			11.3 ± 1.8	5.7 ± 1.8	9.5 ± 0.9
HEO_Lv			2.3 ± 0.4	5.2 ± 1.1	1.2 ± 0.4
	HEO_Fl	HEO_Lv	IC₅₀ (μM)
Caryophyllene oxide	0	1.2	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d
p-Cymen-8-ol	2.9	0.1	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d
p-Cymene	0.5	1.2	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d
Myrcene	0	2.1	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d
α-Terpinene	0	0.5	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d
Limonene	0	0.5	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d
Myrtenol	2.7	0	N.A. ^d	N.A.	N.A.
(E/Z)-β-Ocimene	0	4.7	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d
α-Pinene	2.2	4.9	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d
(1S)-(-)-β-Pinene	0.9	4.6	N.A. ^d	22.7 ± 2.6 ^d	N.A. ^d
(±)-Sabinene	0	5.6	N.A. ^d	37.4 ± 4.3 ^d	N.A. ^d
(−)-Terpinen-4-ol	7.4	2.6	N.A. ^d	N.A.	N.A.
γ-Terpinene	0	1.1	N.A.	32.5 ± 4.6 ^d	N.A.
α-Terpineol	6.1	0	N.A. ^d	N.A.	N.A.
Terpinolene	0	0.3	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d
(-)-Linalool	1.3	0.2	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d	N.A. ^d
MHDO	< 0.1	0	8.2 ± 2.5 ^d	3.6 ± 0.5 ^d	2.8 ± 0.4 ^d
Germacrene D	0	25.7	0.51 ± 0.08	5.4 ± 2.3	9.9 ± 1.9
Geraniol	1.4	< 0.1	N.A.	N.A.	50.1 ± 3.2
α-Humulene	0	1.2	0.31 ± 0.06	12.0 ± 3.4	2.2 ± 0.8
β-Caryophyllene	< 0.1	9.5	0.33 ± 0.02	17.6 ± 5.7	2.6 ± 0.9

^a Inhibition of neutrophil Ca²⁺ flux induced by 5 nM fMLF. ^b Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis toward 0.5 nM fMLF. ^c Inhibition of neutrophil ROS production induced by 200 nM PMA. N.A.: no activity was observed, even at the highest concentration tested (50 µM). ^d Previously reported data [48,49]. IC₅₀ values are presented as the mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments, as described in Section 2.