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. 2020 Jun 8;9(6):1777. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061777

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Management of Small Intestinal NENs with Mesenteric Fibrosis-Flow diagram. † Systemic treatment recommendations adapted from ESMO 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms [96]. Abbreviations. BSC: best supportive care; CAP: capecitabin; CS: carcinoid syndrome; FOLFOX: Folinic acid, Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Oxaliplatin; IF-a: interferon alpha; MF: mesenteric fibrosis; MWA: microwave ablation; NP: nephropyelostomy; PD: progressive disease; PRRT: Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy; RE: radio-embolization; RF: Radiofrequency ablation; TACE: trans-arterial chemo-embolization; SMV: superior mesenteric vein; SSA: somatostatin analogue; SSTR: somatostatin receptor; TAE: trans-arterial embolization; TE: telotristat etiprate; TEM: temozolomide; WD-SINENs: well-differentiated small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms.