Table 1.
Patient demographic and injury characteristics.
| Variable | Control-N (n=39) | Case-N (n=35) | p value | Control-CP (n=26) | Case-CP (n=34) | p value | All controls (n = 65) | All cases (n=69) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 56.38±16.08 | 52.2±14.61 | 0.247 | 58.12±14.95 | 58.35±18.03 | 0.956 | 57.08±15.54 | 55.23±16.56 | 0.508 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Gender | Male | 28 (71.8) | 26 (74.3) | 0.810 | 17 (65.4) | 26 (76.5) | 0.345 | 45 (69.2) | 52 (75.4) | 0.428 |
| Female | 11 (28.2) | 9 (25.7) | 9 (34.6) | 8 (23.5) | 20 (30.8) | 17 (24.6) | ||||
|
| ||||||||||
| GCS on admission | 7 (5–13) | 9 (5–13) | 0.493 | 10 (4–13) | 7.5 (4–13) | 0.781 | 8 (5–13) | 9 (4–13) | 0.884 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Trauma severity | GCS 13–15 | 10 (25.6) | 11 (31.4) | 0.494 | 8 (30.8) | 9 (26.5) | 0.872 | 18 (27.7) | 20 (29.0) | 0.856 |
| GCS 9–12 | 7 (17.9) | 9 (25.7) | 6 (23.1) | 7 (20.6) | 13 (20) | 16 (23.2) | ||||
| GCS 3–8 | 22 (56.4) | 15 (42.9) | 12 (46.2) | 18 (52.9) | 34 (52.3) | 33 (47.8) | ||||
|
| ||||||||||
| ISS | 18 (17–21) | 17 (17–20) | 0.643 | 19 (17–21) | 20 (17–21) | 0.862 | 18 (17–21) | 18 (17–21) | 0.742 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Rotterdam CT score | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–4) | 0.742 | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 0.492 | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 0.946 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| ASA class | 4 (4–4) | 4 (3–4) | 0.362 | 4 (4–4) | 4 (3–4) | 0.201 | 4 (4–4) | 4 (3–4) | 0.162 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Skull fracture | 26 (66.7) | 16 (45.7) | 0.069 | 14 (53.8) | 18 (52.9) | 0.944 | 40 (61.5) | 34 (49.3) | 0.154 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Predominant injury | ICH | 5 (12.8) | 2 (5.7) | 0.535 | 3 (11.5) | 1 (2.9) | 0.100 | 8 (12.3) | 3 (4.3) | 0.162 |
| SDH | 24 (61.5) | 24 (68.6) | 21 (80.8) | 24 (70.6) | 45 (69.2) | 48 (69.6) | ||||
| EDH | 8 (20.5) | 9 (25.7) | 1 (3.8) | 7 (20.6) | 9 (13.8) | 16 (23.2) | ||||
| Contusion | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.9) | 1 (1.5) | 2 (2.9) | ||||
| Other | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (3.1) | 0 (0) | ||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Parenchymal lesion | 26 (66.7) | 22 (62.9) | 0.732 | 21 (80.8) | 24 (70.6) | 0.367 | 47 (72.3) | 46 (66.7) | 0.479 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Abnormal pupils | 16 (41) | 11 (31.4) | 0.392 | 15 (57.7) | 17 (50) | 0.554 | 31 (47.7) | 28 (40.6) | 0.407 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Midline shift, >0.5 cm | 30 (76.9) | 30 (85.7) | 0.335 | 21 (80.8) | 24 (70.6) | 0.367 | 51 (78.5) | 54 (78.3) | 0.978 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Craniectomy | 12 (30.8) | 8 (22.9) | 0.444 | 11 (42.3) | 15 (44.1) | 0.889 | 23 (35.4) | 23 (33.3) | 0.803 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| SBP on admission, mmHg | 154 (134–177) | 148 (130–171) | 0.770 | 160 (136.5–180.5) | 151.5 (142.25–167.75) | 0.516 | 157 (134.5–177.5) | 150 (138–169) | 0.604 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Preoperative fluids, mL | 1000 (500–1000) | 1000 (500–1500) | 0.392 | 1000 (875–1500) | 1000 (500–1500) | 0.421 | 1000 (500–1500) | 1000 (500–1500) | 0.724 | |
Continuous variables are reported as mean±SD or median (interquartile range). Categorical variables are reported in terms of frequency (percentage). N – normal; CP – coagulopathic; GCS – Glasgow coma score; ISS – injury severity score; CT – computed tomography; ICH – intracerebral hematoma; SDH – subdural hematoma; EDH – epidural hematoma; SBP – systolic blood pressure.