Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants

Variables	Fatal (n = 51)	Survived (n = 688)	P*
Sex, male (%)	34 (66.67%)	331 (48.11%)	0.011
Age (years)
Mean ± SD	68.98 ± 11.78	59.46 ± 15.26	< 0.001
< 50	1 (1.96%)	158 (22.97%)	< 0.001
50–59	9 (17.65%)	147 (21.37%)	0.53
60–69	16 (31.37%)	213 (30.96%)	0.951
70–79	15 (29.41%)	106 (15.41%)	0.009
> 79	10 (19.61%)	64 (9.30%)	0.018
Symptoms on admission
Cough	29 (56.86%)	404 (58.72%)	0.795
Fever	28 (54.90%)	421 (67.01%)	0.375
Shortness of breath	16 (31.37%)	71 (10.32%)	< 0.001
Chest tightness	8 (15.69%)	149 (21.66%)	0.315
Diarrhea	5 (9.80%)	128 (18.60%)	0.114
Headache	1 (1.96%)	28 (4.07%)	0.454
Nausea and vomiting	5 (9.80%)	28 (4.07%)	0.056
Muscle ache	3 (5.88%)	78 (11.34%)	0.229
Pharyngalgia	4 (7.84%)	92 (13.37%)	0.257
Underlying condition or illness
Diabetes mellitus	9 (17.65%)	50 (7.27%)	0.008
Hypertension	23 (45.10%)	184 (26.74%)	0.005
Underlying lung disease†	9 (17.65%)	35 (5.09%)	< 0.001
Cardiovascular disease	13 (25.49%)	64 (9.30%)	< 0.001
Chronic kidney disease	5 (9.80%)	14 (2.03%)	< 0.001
Chronic liver disease	3 (5.88%)	71 (10.32%)	0.308
Hematological malignancy	2 (3.92%)	4 (0.58%)	0.01
Solid tumor	3 (5.88%)	21 (3.05%)	0.271
Organ transplantation	1 (1.96%)	3 (0.44%)	0.152
Days from hospital admission to death
Mean ± SD	18.96 ± 11.22	NA	NA
< 3	2 (3.92%)	NA	NA
3–7	5 (9.80%)	NA	NA
8–14	13 (25.49%)	NA	NA
15–30	22 (43.14%)	NA	NA
> 30	9 (17.65%)	NA	NA

Data are presented as means ± SD or numbers (percentages)

NA, not applicable

*Comparisons were performed between fatal and survived groups using the chi-square test or Mann-Whitney U test

^†Including tuberculosis, lung tumor, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease