Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study patients, stratified by cirrhosis diagnosis
| Characteristic* | Overall No. (%) (n = 35 659) | Baseline no cirrhosis† No. (%) (n = 34 886) | Baseline cirrhosis† No. (%) (n = 733) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (IQR), y | 46 (39–53) | 46 (39–53) | 49 (44–55) |
| Male sex | 34 792 (97.6) | 34 032 (97.6) | 760 (98.3) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Black | 17 069 (47.9) | 16 750 (48.0) | 319 (41.3) |
| Caucasian | 13 859 (38.9) | 13 522 (38.8) | 337 (43.6) |
| Hispanic | 2720 (7.6) | 2632 (7.5) | 88 (11.4) |
| Other/Unknown | 2011 (5.6) | 1982 (5.7) | 29 (3.8) |
| Body mass index | |||
| Underweight, <18.50 kg/m2 | 837 (2.3) | 819 (2.3) | 18 (2.3) |
| Normal, 18.50–24.99 kg/m2 | 14 083 (39.5) | 13 768 (39.5) | 315 (40.8) |
| Overweight, 25.00–29.99 kg/m2 | 11 415 (32.0) | 11 184 (32.1) | 231 (29.9) |
| Obesity, 30.00–34.99 kg/m2 | 3882 (10.9) | 3789 (10.9) | 93 (12.0) |
| Morbid obesity, ≥35.00 kg/m2 | 1323 (3.7) | 1299 (3.7) | 24 (3.1) |
| Missing weight and/or height | 4119 (11.6) | 4027 (11.5) | 92 (11.9) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3308 (9.3) | 3150 (9.0) | 158 (20.4) |
| History of alcohol dependence/abuse | 10 538 (29.6) | 10 064 (28.8) | 474 (61.3) |
| History of injection/noninjection drug use | 16 235 (45.5) | 15 781 (45.2) | 454 (58.7) |
| Tobacco use | |||
| Never | 9533 (26.7) | 9393 (26.9) | 140 (18.1) |
| Ever‡ | 24 707 (69.3) | 24 158 (69.2) | 549 (71.0) |
| Unknown | 1419 (4.0) | 1335 (3.8) | 84 (10.9) |
| Hepatitis C virus coinfection§ | |||
| Detectable HCV RNA or genotype | 11 392 (31.9) | 10 940 (31.4) | 452 (58.5) |
| Ever treated with HCV antiviral | 1354 (11.9) | 1304 (11.9) | 50 (11.1) |
| HCV antibody+/HCV RNA- | 1055 (3.0) | 1020 (2.9) | 35 (4.5) |
| HCV antibody- | 21 472 (60.2) | 21 247 (60.9) | 225 (29.1) |
| Never tested | 1740 (4.9) | 1679 (4.8) | 61 (7.9) |
| Hepatitis B virus coinfection‖ | |||
| HBsAg+ | 1981 (5.6) | 1873 (5.4) | 108 (14.0) |
| Ever treated with HBV-active antiretroviral | 1840 (92.9) | 1748 (93.3) | 92 (85.2) |
| HBsAg- | 31 712 (88.9) | 31 096 (89.1) | 616 (79.7) |
| Never tested | 1966 (5.5) | 1917 (5.5) | 49 (6.3) |
| HIV RNA | |||
| Median (IQR), log10 cells/mm3 | 3.2 (1.7–4.6) | 3.2 (1.7–4.6) | 3.0 (1.7–4.6) |
| ≥500 copies/mL | 20 216 (56.7) | 19 791 (56.7) | 425 (55.0) |
| CD4+ cell percentage | |||
| Median (IQR) | 22 (14–31) | 22 (14–31) | 22 (14–31) |
| ≥28% | 11 776 (33.0) | 11 530 (33.1) | 246 (31.8) |
| 14–27.99% | 14 798 (41.5) | 14 456 (41.4) | 342 (44.2) |
| <14% | 8513 (23.9) | 8337 (23.9) | 176 (22.8) |
| Unknown | 572 (1.6) | 563 (1.6) | 9 (1.2) |
| CD4+/CD8+ ratio | |||
| Median (IQR) | 0.40 (0.21–0.69) | 0.40 (0.21–0.69) | 0.42 (0.21–0.70) |
| <1.0 | 31 553 (88.5) | 30 879 (88.5) | 674 (87.2) |
| Median alanine aminotransferase (IQR), U/L | 31 (21–47) | 30 (21–47) | 41 (27–71) |
| Not assessed at baseline | 2362 (6.6) | 2338 (6.7) | 24 (3.1) |
| Median aspartate aminotransferase (IQR), U/L | 30 (23–44) | 29 (22–43) | 55 (32–94) |
| Not assessed at baseline | 1987 (5.6) | 1964 (5.6) | 23 (3.0) |
| Platelet count, x 106/L | |||
| ≥150 000 | 30 570 (85.7) | 30 194 (86.6) | 376 (48.6) |
| <150 000 | 4812 (13.5) | 4420 (12.7) | 392 (50.7) |
| Not assessed at baseline | 277 (0.8) | 272 (0.8) | 5 (0.6) |
| Median baseline FIB-4 (IQR) | 1.18 (0.81–1.78) | 1.17 (0.81–1.74) | 3.00 (1.58–5.82) |
| Unable to be calculated at baseline | 3325 (9.3) | 3290 (9.4) | 35 (4.5) |
| On antiretroviral therapy | 24 506 (68.7) | 23 980 (68.7) | 526 (68.0) |
| Most common baseline antiretroviral regimens¶ | |||
| Efavirenz/tenofovir/emtricitabine | 3639 (14.8) | 3565 (14.9) | 74 (14.1) |
| Efavirenz/zidovudine/lamivudine | 1764 (7.2) | 1738 (7.2) | 26 (4.9) |
| Nelfinavir/zidovudine/lamivudine | 1177 (4.8) | 1156 (4.8) | 21 (4.0) |
| Indinavir/zidovudine/lamivudine | 1033 (4.2) | 1015 (4.2) | 18 (3.4) |
| Atazanavir/tenofovir/emtricitabine | 965 (3.9) | 950 (4.0) | 15 (2.9) |
| Nelfinavir/stavudine/lamivudine | 888 (3.6) | 863 (3.6) | 25 (4.8) |
| Indinavir/stavudine/lamivudine | 725 (3.0) | 708 (3.0) | 17 (3.2) |
| Nevirapine/zidovudine/lamivudine | 663 (2.7) | 652 (2.7) | 11 (2.1) |
| Efavirenz/stavudine/lamivudine | 611 (2.5) | 590 (2.5) | 21 (4.0) |
HBsAg = hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV = hepatitis B virus; HCV = hepatitis C virus; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IQR = interquartile range; RNA = ribonucleic acid.
*
Results reported as n (%) unless otherwise specified.
†
Cirrhosis defined as any diagnosis of compensated or decompensated cirrhosis prior to the start of follow-up.
‡
Ever tobacco use includes current and prior tobacco use.
§
Hepatitis C virus coinfection defined as positive quantitative HCV RNA (absolute value determinable or not), positive qualitative HCV RNA, or quantifiable HCV genotype at baseline or during follow-up.
‖
Hepatitis B virus coinfection defined as positive HBV surface antigen at baseline or during follow-up.
¶
Percentages represent proportion of antiretroviral use among patients prescribed therapy.