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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 13.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomed Inform. 2019 Feb 10;91:103123. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103123

Table 3:

Illustration of features on the sentence Our data are generally consistent with that of other studies [47], but not with studies where a single dose of paracetamol was administered, which reported no significant impact on any reactions [8,9]. The citation under consideration for this example is [47] and the citation context is the current sentence only.

Feature Type Features
n-gram features
n-grams (ngram) [oc], [tc], administered, which_reported, are_generally_consistent, …
Lemma n-grams (ngraml) [oc], [tc], administer, which_report, be_generally_consistent, …
POS n-grams(posgram) cc, dt, nn, cc_rb, dt_in, cc_rb_in, …
POS-augmented lemma n-grams (ngraml_pos) [oc], [tc], administer_vb, which_wd__report_vb, be_vb__generally_rb__consistent_jj
Negation count 2 (due to no, not)
Negated unigrams not_impact, not_with, not_study, not_significant
Sentiment lexicon features (sent)
POS sentiment true (due to consistent with)
NEG sentiment false
Any sentiment true
Structure features (struct)
n-grams [oc], [tc], citingwork, pos, contrast, citingwork_pos, citingwork_pos_[tc], …
Direction citingwork_contrast, [tc]_contrast, …
Additional features
Dependency features (dep) advcl_consistent_administer, neg_consistent_not, nsubj_consistent_datum, …
Rule-based output (rule) pos