TABLE 3.

Pairwise comparisons of beta diversity of samples by site^a

Multivariate pairwise test comparison	df	PERMANOVA		PERMDISP
		t	P	t	P
Stomach
Jehu vs Hamblin	35	1.52	0.10	4.98	0.97
Tank control vs Jehu	28	2.29	0.01*	1.12	0.35
Tank control vs Hamblin	29	1.11	0.25	0.98	0.46
Intestine
Jehu vs Hamblin	34	0.95	0.45	1.04	0.44
Tank control vs Jehu	28	1.37	0.09	1.25	0.29
Tank control vs Hamblin	28	1.52	0.04*	5.98	0.96
Sediment
Jehu vs Hamblin	7	2.45	0.01*	2.34	0.04*
Tank vs Jehu	10	1.54	0.01*	4.13	0.01*
Tank vs Hamblin	9	3.17	0.01*	2.02	0.23
Seawater
Jehu vs Hamblin	4	5.64	0.12	1.04	0.60
Tank vs Jehu	10	2.30	0.02*	9.32	0.008*
Tank vs Hamblin	10	2.24	0.02*	9.72	0.004*

^aPairwise comparisons were of Jehu and Hamblin Ponds with the experimental tank for mature (initial and tank control) stomach and intestine microbial communities and for sediment and seawater microbial communities. Denominator degrees of freedom are listed for all pairwise comparisons, and significant P values (<0.05) are indicated with asterisks. PERMDISP tests were conducted to ensure that significant PERMANOVA results were not due to unequal dispersion of variability among groups. t, t statistic of the pairwise PERMANOVA test.