Tabla 1.
Datos demográficos, comorbilidades, terapia farmacológica, síntomas, escalas, signos vitales y marcadores de laboratorio al ingreso
| Total | Supervivientes | No supervivientes | Valor p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 663) | (n = 460) | (n = 203) | ||
| Datos demográficos y comorbilidades de los pacientes | ||||
| Edad, años | 64 (56-72)/661 | 62 (53-71)/458 | 68 (62-73)/203 | < 10–9 |
| Mujeres | 219/660 (33,18%) | 150/459 (32,68%) | 69/201 (34,33%) | 0,720 |
| Índice de masa corporal, kg/m2 | 28,3 (25,5-32,2)/554 | 28,6 (25,7-32,4)/398 | 27,7 (25,3-31,6)/ 156 | 0,466 |
| Hipertensión arterial | 329/663 (49,62%) | 214/460 (46,52%) | 115/203 (56,65%) | 0,018 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 151/663 (22,78%) | 90/460 (19,57%) | 61/203 (30,05%) | 0,004 |
| Insuficiencia cardiaca crónica | 9/663 (1,36%) | 3/460 (0,65%) | 6/203 (2,96%) | 0,027 |
| Enfermedad renal crónica | 38/663 (5,73%) | 20/460 (4,35%) | 18/203 (8,87%) | 0,029 |
| Asma | 17/663 (2,56%) | 13/460 (2,83%) | 4/203 (1,97%) | 0,605 |
| EPOC | 28/663 (4,22%) | 19/460 (4,13%) | 9/203 (4,43%) | 0,836 |
| Dislipidemia | 90/663 (13,57%) | 55/460 (11,96%) | 35/203 (17,24%) | 0,084 |
| Neoplasia | 23/663 (3,47%) | 11/460 (2,39%) | 12/203 (5,91%) | 0,035 |
| Terapia farmacológica | ||||
| Antihipertensivos | 300/663 (45,25%) | 199/460 (43,26%) | 101/203 (49,75%) | 0,128 |
| Fármacos hipoglucemiantes | 94/663 (14,18%) | 57/460 (12,39%) | 37/203 (18,23%) | 0,053 |
| Fármacos antiplaquetarios | 84/663 (12,67%) | 51/460 (11,09%) | 33/203 (16,26%) | 0,076 |
| Anticoagulantes | 51/663 (7,69%) | 30/460 (6,52%) | 21/203 (10,34%) | 0,113 |
| Broncodilatadores | 166/663 (25,04%) | 107/460 (23,26%) | 59/203 (29,06%) | 0,120 |
| Fármacos para reducción de lípidos | 44/663 (6,64%) | 30/460 (6,52%) | 14/203 (6,90%) | 0,866 |
| Reemplazo de hormona tiroidea | 62/663 (9,35%) | 45/460 (9,78%) | 17/203 (8,37%) | 0,665 |
| Inmunosupresores | 24/663 (3,62%) | 13/460 (2,83%) | 11/203 (5,42%) | 0,115 |
| Corticoides | 30/663 (4,52%) | 14/460 (3,04%) | 16/203 (7,88%) | 0,008 |
| Cronología (días desde el inicio de los síntomas) | ||||
| Hasta el ingreso hospitalario | 7 (5-9)/654 | 7 (5-9)/455 | 7 (4-9)/199 | 0,693 |
| Hasta el ingreso en UCI | 9 (7-13)/653 | 9 (7-12)/454 | 10 (7-13)/199 | 0,873 |
| Síntomas | ||||
| Fiebre | 551/663 (83,11%) | 380/460 (82,61%) | 171/203 (84,24%) | 0,654 |
| Tos | 401/663 (60,48%) | 284/460 (61,74%) | 117/203 (57,64%) | 0,343 |
| Disnea | 477/663 (71,95%) | 324/460 (70,43%) | 153/203 (75,37%) | 0,223 |
| Mialgia | 109/663 (16,44%) | 80/460 (17,39%) | 29/203 (14,29%) | 0,364 |
| Cefalea | 47/663 (7,09%) | 34/460 (7,39%) | 13/203 (6,40%) | 0,744 |
| Rinorrea | 8/663 (1,21%) | 5/460 (1,09%) | 3/203 (1,48%) | 0,706 |
| Vómitos | 54/663 (8,14%) | 35/460 (7,61%) | 19/203 (9,36%) | 0,445 |
| Artralgia | 39/663 (5,88%) | 31/460 (6,74%) | 8/203 (3,94%) | 0,209 |
| Dolor torácico | 53/663 (7,99%) | 39/460 (8,48%) | 14/203 (6,90%) | 0,538 |
| Incremento de la producción de esputos | 77/663 (11,61%) | 48/460 (10,43%) | 29/203 (14,29%) | 0,188 |
| Anosmia | 28/663 (4,22%) | 22/460 (4,78%) | 6/203 (2,96%) | 0,402 |
| Faringodinia | 23/663 (3,47%) | 15/460 (3,26%) | 8/203 (3,94%) | 0,650 |
| Diarrea | 76/663 (11,46%) | 51/460 (11,09%) | 25/203 (12,32%) | 0,692 |
| Fatiga | 24/663 (3,62%) | 15/460 (3,26%) | 9/203 (4,43%) | 0,500 |
| Escalas | ||||
| APACHE II | 12 (9-17)/458 | 11 (8-15)/332 | 17 (13-21)/126 | <10-15 |
| SOFA | 5 (3-7)/446 | 4 (3-7)/327 | 7 (5-9)/119 | <10-8 |
| Signos vitales | ||||
| Temperatura, °C | 36,7 (36,0-37,5)/568 | 36,7 (36,0-37,5)/402 | 36,7 (36,0-37,5)/166 | 0,988 |
| Presión arterial media, mmHg | 86,7 (78,0-96,7)/566 | 87,3 (78,7-96,7)/397 | 84,0 (74,3-94,3)/169 | 0,058 |
| Frecuencia cardiaca, lpm | 83 (72-96)/576 | 82 (71-95)/404 | 86 (75-100)/172 | 0,044 |
| SpO2, % | 91 (86-94)/566 | 91 (87-94)/396 | 90 (83-93)/170 | < 0,001 |
| Frecuencia respiratoria, rpm | 25 (20-30)/539 | 25 (20-30)/381 | 26 (20-31)/158 | 0,077 |
| Gasometría arterial | ||||
| PaO2/FiO2 < 100 | 167/517 (32,30%) | 104/370 (28,11%) | 63/147 (42,86%) | 0,006 |
| PaO2/FiO2 100-200 | 241/517 (46,62%) | 182/370 (49,19%) | 59/147 (40,14%) | |
| PaO2/FiO2 > 200 | 109/517 (21,08%) | 84/370 (22,70%) | 25/147 (17,01%) | |
| Ratio ventilatoria | 1,94 (1,51-2,61)/207 | 1,93 (1,52-2,61)/139 | 1,94 (1,46-2,66)/68 | 0,746 |
| Hallazgos de laboratorio | ||||
| Ferritina, ng/ml | 1265 (598-1960)/285 | 1174 (553-1882)/227 | 1480 (918-2358)/58 | 0,010 |
| Dímero D, ng/ml | 1017 (600-2300)/477 | 940 (576-2030)/348 | 1599 (697-3810)/129 | 0,002 |
| PCR, mg/dl | 20,7 (8,8-92,0)/569 | 20,2 (8,5-86,6)/410 | 21,8 (9,5-112,0)/159 | 0,234 |
| Leucocitos, 103/μl | 7,76 (5,75-11,16)/593 | 7,67 (5,60-10,90)/417 | 8,30 (5,95-11,95)/176 | 0,173 |
| Recuento de linfocitos por μl | 0,69 (0,41-0,94)/595 | 0,70 (0,46-1,00)/422 | 0,60 (0,40-0,90)/173 | 0,083 |
| Ratio PCR/linfocitos | 34,9 (13,0-108,9)/564 | 31,2 (12,9-101,3)/405 | 42,1 (13,5-143,7)/159 | 0,119 |
| IL-6, pg/ml | 107 (40-225)/79 | 96 (38-203)/59 | 144 (82-493)/20 | 0,063 |
| LDH, U/l | 432 (348-536)/633 | 404 (339-514)/384 | 487 (393-643)/152 | < 10–6 |
| Procalcitonina, ng/ml | 0,20 (0,10-0,56)/422 | 0,18 (0,09-0,50)/305 | 0,28 (0,13-0,86)/117 | < 0,001 |
| Plaquetas, 1.000/mm3 | 220 (164-298)/601 | 224 (165-302)/405 | 214 (156-284)/176 | 0,312 |
| Bilirrubina, mg/dl | 0,65 (0,42-0,98)/522 | 0,61 (0,40-0,93)/379 | 0,70 (0,42-1,00)/143 | 0,535 |
| TGP, U/l | 38 (25-63)/580 | 38 (26-63)/414 | 37 (25-59)/166 | 0,514 |
| Creatinina, mg/dl | 0,85 (0,69-1,13)/592 | 0,83 (0,67-1,04)/421 | 0,96 (0,72-1,42)/171 | < 10–4 |
| Urea, mg/dl | 40 (29-57)/436 | 36 (26-50)/295 | 47 (35-69)/141 | < 10–8 |
| Troponina, ng/ml | 12,3 (5,0-28,0)/319 | 11,0 (4,7-22,7)/233 | 15,9 (5,8-53,0)/86 | 0,006 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 456 (125-1206)/87 | 326 (123-896)/54 | 603 (288-1638)/33 | 0,034 |
| Hematocrito, % | 39,0 (35,7-43,0)/560 | 39,1 (36,0-43,0)/394 | 38,5 (35,0-42,0)/166 | 0,041 |
| Lactato, mmol/l | 1,50 (1,11-2,00)/402 | 1,41 (1,10-1,83)/286 | 1,67 (1,21-2,20)/116 | 0,002 |
Los datos se expresan como mediana (rango intercuartílico) o recuento (porcentaje). Para las variables numéricas, se presentan los recuentos totales para cada casilla. Los valores p se calcularon con la prueba de Mann-Whitney para las variables numéricas y la prueba exacta de Fisher para las variables categóricas.
APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health disease Classification System; EPOC: enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica; IL-6: interleucina-6; LDH: lactato deshidrogenasa; mg/ml: miligramo por mililitro; μl: microlitro; mmol/l: milimoles por litro; ng/ml: nanogramo por mililitro; NT-proBNP: prohormona N-terminal del péptido natriurético cerebral; PaO2/FiO2: ratio presión parcial de oxígeno arterial/fracción de oxígeno inspiratorio; PCR: proteína C reactiva; pg/ml: picogramo por mililitro; SOFA: evaluación de fallo orgánico secuencial; SpO2: saturación de oxihemoglobina periférica; TGP: transaminasa glutámico-pirúvica; U/l: unidades por litro.