Table 1.
Potential options for the treatment of COVID-19.
| Antiviral mechanism | Drug | Applications | Dosage for COVID-19 | Clinical Trials | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nucleoside analogue | Remdesivir | Not approved, clinical practice for Ebola virus, COVID-19 | 200 mg/time on the 1 st day, then 100 mg/time maintenance dose every day for 9 days | COVID-19 | |
| Ribavirin | Approved for Hepatitis C, human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and some hemorrhagic fevers | 500 mg/time, 2∼3 times per day for 10 days | COVID-19 | ||
| Favipiravir | Approved for new or recurrent influenza and COVID-19 | 1200 mg/time on the 1 st day, twice a day and 400 mg/time from the 2nd to 5th days, twice a day | COVID-19 | ||
| Protease inhibitors | HIV protease | Lopinavir/ Ritonavir |
Approved for AIDS, clinical practice for SARS, MERS and COVID-19 | Lopinavir 400 mg/time, Ritonavir 100 mg/time, twice a day for no less than 10 days. |
COVID-19 |
| TMPRSS2 serine protease | Camostat | Approved for chronic pancreatitis, cellular study for COVID-19 | No | No | |
| SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (3Clpro) protease | Pyridine containing α-ketoamides |
New compound screened for in vivo study of COVID-19 therapy | No | No | |
| Endosomal acidification inhibitors | Chloroquine/ Hydroxychloroq-uine |
Approved for malaria and autoimmune diseases, clinical practice for COVID-19 | Patients >50 kg, 500 mg/time, twice a day for 7 days; patients ≤ 50 kg, 500 mg/time, twice a day for the first and second days, 500 mg/time, once a day for the third to seventh days | COVID-19 | |
| Immunoregulant | Interferon | Approved for malignant tumors and various virus, clinical practice for COVID-19 | adults is 5 million U, twice a day | COVID-19 | |
| Membrane fusion inhibitor | Arbidol | Approved for influenza, clinical practice for covid-19 | 0.2 g/time, 3 times a day for 10 days | COVID-19 | |
| ACE2 inhibitors | Peptide inhibitor based on phase display | New compounds for in vitro study of COVID-19 therapy | No | No | |
| Chinese Traditional Medicine | Lianhua Qingwen Capsule | Approved for influenza | 4 capsules/time, third a day | COVID-19 | |
| Biologics | SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies | Clinical practice for COVID-19 | —— | COVID-19 | |
| Tocilizumab | Approved for rheumatoid arthritis, clinical practice for COVID-19 | For adults, 4∼8 mg/kg, total 2 times | COVID-19 | ||
| Mesenchymal Stem Cells | Clinical practice for COVID-19 | —— | COVID-19 | ||
| Vaccines | Clinical practice for COVID-19 | —— | COVID-19 | ||