Table 1.
Baseline Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Lifestyle Characteristics of the Study Samples by Levels of Psychological and Social Well-being
| Psychological Well-being (n = 947) | Social Well-being (n =1,099) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | High | p Valuea | Low | High | p Valuea | |
| Age (%) | ||||||
| <78 years | 390 (48.2) | 420 (51.9) | .111 | 443 (48.0) | 480 (52.0) | .467 |
| ≥78 years | 84 (61.3) | 53 (38.7) | 107 (60.8) | 69 (39.2) | ||
| Sex (%) | ||||||
| Men | 190 (47.5) | 210 (52.5) | .234 | 237 (51.2) | 226 (48.8) | .826 |
| Women | 284 (51.9) | 263 (48.1) | 313 (49.2) | 323 (50.8) | ||
| Education (%) | ||||||
| Elementary | 50 (60.2) | 33 (39.7) | .033 | 68 (62.4) | 41 (37.6) | .007 |
| High school | 235 (54.2) | 199 (45.9) | 276 (55.3) | 223 (44.7) | ||
| University | 189 (44.0) | 214 (56.1) | 206 (42.0) | 285 (58.0) | ||
| Smoking (%) | ||||||
| Never | 179 (46.4) | 207 (53.6) | <.001 | 213 (46.2) | 248 (53.8) | .003 |
| Former | 187 (47.0) | 203 (52.1) | 218 (49.2) | 225 (50.8) | ||
| Current | 105 (63.3) | 61 (36.8) | 114 (60.0) | 76 (40.0) | ||
| Alcohol consumption (%) | ||||||
| Never/occasionally | 100 (58.5) | 71 (41.5) | .470 | 144 (67.0) | 71 (33.0) | .028 |
| Light/moderate | 279 (47.4) | 310 (52.6) | 302 (45.1) | 367 (54.9) | ||
| Heavy | 95 (50.8) | 92 (49.2) | 104 (48.4) | 111 (51.6) | ||
| Depressive symptoms (%) | ||||||
| MADRS ≤ 9 | 442 (48.8) | 464 (51.2) | .138 | 512 (49.0) | 532 (51.0) | .314 |
| MADRS > 9 | 18 (94.7) | 1 (5.3) | 18 (72.0) | 7 (28.0) | ||
| Cognitive function (%) | ||||||
| MMSE ≤ 26 | 17 (68.0) | 8 (32.0) | .594 | 24 (75.0) | 8 (25.0) | .702 |
| MMSE > 26 | 452 (49.7) | 458 (50.3) | 511 (48.9) | 534 (51.1) | ||
| Personality: extraversion (%) | ||||||
| Low | 182 (75.2) | 60 (24.8) | <.001 | 162 (66.9) | 80 (33.1) | <.001 |
| Average | 194 (52.0) | 179 (48.0) | 176 (47.3) | 196 (52.7) | ||
| High | 93 (28.4) | 234 (71.6) | 111 (34.2) | 214 (65.9) | ||
| Personality: neuroticism (%) | ||||||
| Low | 147 (32.6) | 304 (67.4) | <.001 | 181 (40.5) | 266 (59.5) | .006 |
| Average | 165 (55.7) | 131 (44.3) | 148 (49.8) | 149 (50.2) | ||
| High | 157 (80.5) | 38 (19.5) | 120 (61.5) | 75 (38.5) | ||
| Personality: openness (%) | ||||||
| Low | 164 (59.2) | 113 (40.8) | .030 | 163 (58.8) | 114 (41.2) | .048 |
| Average | 144 (52.9) | 128 (47.1) | 125 (46.3) | 145 (53.7) | ||
| High | 161 (41.0) | 232 (59.0) | 161 (41.1) | 231 (58.9) |
Notes: MADRS = Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination. Levels (high/low) of psychological and social well-being according to the median of the distribution. Missing information for the psychological well-being sample: smoking habit = 5; depressive symptoms = 22; cognitive function = 12; personality = 5. Missing information for the social well-being sample: smoking habit = 5; depressive symptoms = 30; cognitive function = 22; personality = 160.
aMultiple logistic regression adjusted for the rest of variables included in the left column of the table.