Table 2.

Association Between Levels of Psychological and Social Well-being and Annual Change in Global Physical Function Score Over the 12-Year Follow-up

	Model I		Model II		Model III
	β (95% CI)	p Value	β (95% CI)	p Value	β (95% CI)	p Value
Continuous (z-scores)
Psychological well-being	.005 (−0.001; 0.011)	.078	.006 (−0.0004; 0.011)	.069	.007 (0.0004; 0.013)	.037
Social well-being	.007 (−0.001; 0.013)	.098	.006 (−0.001; 0.013)	.093	.008 (0.0003; 0.016)	.043
Categorical
Psychological well-being
Low	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
High	.008 (0.0002; 0.015)	.043	.008 (0.0003; 0.015)	.042	.009 (0.001; 0.016)	.024
Social well-being
Low	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
High	.006 (−0.001; 0.013)	.103	.006 (−0.001; 0.014)	.086	.007 (−0.001; 0.014)	.084

Note: Model I: adjusted by sex, age, education level, and death/dropouts. Model II: adjusted additionally by smoking, alcohol consumption, and presence of one chronic disease. Model III: adjusted additionally by MADRS (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale), MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination), and personality traits. Levels (high/low) of psychological and social well-being dichotomized according to the median of the distribution. Positive coefficients refer to lower decline in the global physical function score compared to the reference group.