Table 2.

Characteristics of Children by Placement End Reason

	Child-initiated N = 2,513	Mismatch N = 4,219	Substandard care N = 2,642
Child demographic characteristics
Age at time of removal	13.7 (1.93)	10.23 (3.99)	5.48 (4.38)
Age at time of placement
Early childhood (0-5 years old)	0.00	0.09	0.51
Middle childhood (6-12 years old)	0.05	0.32	0.34
Adolescent (13+ years old)	0.95	0.59	0.15
Male	0.39	0.55	0.49
Race or ethnicity
Black	0.26	0.31	0.27
White	0.29	0.33	0.25
Hispanic	0.42	0.31	0.42
Other race	0.03	0.05	0.06
Child risk factors
Cognitive or learning disability	0.28	0.44	0.23
Physical disability	0.01	0.02	0.03
Mental health problem	0.37	0.31	0.11
Behavior problem or delinquency	0.64	0.49	0.20
Child’s case history
CPS history
No prior involvement	0.23	0.21	0.38
Unsubstantiated/substantiated allegations	0.65	0.63	0.52
Prior removal	0.13	0.15	0.09
Total time in care: Under 1 year	0.13	0.14	0.32
1 to 2 years	0.10	0.13	0.26
Over 2 years	0.66	0.73	0.42
Reasons for initial removal
Unable to provide care or child needs services	0.62	0.57	0.34
Physical neglect	0.22	0.30	0.35
Sexual abuse	0.12	0.11	0.08
Physical abuse	0.15	0.23	0.29
Need of supervision or caregiver substance  abuse/mental health problems	0.62	0.64	0.85
Emotional abuse	0.05	0.05	0.03
Placement characteristics
Placement setting: Non-relative	0.38	0.45	0.50
Shelter	0.26	0.17	0.04
Restrictive	0.24	0.30	0.09
Kinship	0.11	0.09	0.37
Siblings: Placed apart from 1 or more siblings	0.27	0.35	0.32
Placed with all known siblings	0.07	0.14	0.45
No observed siblings	0.66	0.51	0.23
Level of care: Basic	0.39	0.28	0.59
Unassigned	0..07	0.04	0.19
Specialized/moderate	0.53	0.62	0.22
Intense/psychiatric	0.01	0.05	0.01

Notes: This table is organized at the placement level and sample sizes are the number of placements that ended due to each type of placement disruption. Means and standard deviations or proportions are reported. Removal reasons are not mutually exclusive. CPS = child protective services.