Table 6.
Risk of Substandard Care Disruptions by Age Groups
| Early childhood HR(SE) |
Middle childhood HR(SE) |
Adolescence HR(SE) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Child demographic characteristics | |||
| Age at time of removal | 1.08(0.02)*** | .95(0.02)** | .83(0.02)*** |
| Male | 1.05(0.07) | 0.86(0.07) | .77(0.09)* |
| Race or ethnicity (Referent = Black) | |||
| White | 0.71(0.07)*** | 0.68(0.08)*** | 0.77(0.11) |
| Hispanic | 0.85(0.08) | 0.88(0.09) | 0.76(0.11) |
| Other race | 0.82(0.12) | 0.86(0.15) | 0.65(0.21) |
| Child risk factors | |||
| Cognitive or learning disability | 1.38(0.14)** | 1.26(0.12)* | 1.21(0.15) |
| Physical disability | 0.97(0.17) | 1.02(0.28) | 1.48(0.49 |
| Mental health problem | 1.83(0.35)** | 1.49(0.19)** | 0.94(0.13) |
| Behavior problem or delinquency | 1.23(0.15) | 1.05(0.11) | 0.93(0.12) |
| Child’s case history | |||
| CPS history (Referent = no prior involvement) | |||
| Unsubstantiated/substantiated allegations | 1.04(0.08) | 0.91(0.08) | 0.96(0.13) |
| Prior removal | 1.28(0.20) | 1.13(0.14) | 1.06(0.20) |
| Total time in care (Referent = under 1 year) | |||
| 1 to 2 years | 0.69(0.06)*** | 0.68(0.07)*** | 0.81(0.19) |
| Over 2 years | 0.55(0.05)*** | 0.68(0.07)*** | 1.07(0.20) |
| Reasons for initial removal | |||
| Unable to provide care or child needs services | 0.92(0.07) | .85(0.07)* | .75(0.09)* |
| Physical neglect | 1.05(0.07) | 1.00(0.08) | 1.25(0.15) |
| Sexual abuse | 1.25(0.18) | 0.95(0.12) | 0.72(0.12) |
| Physical abuse | 0.98 (0.07) | 1.15(0.10) | 0.90(0.13) |
| Need of supervision or caregiver substance abuse/mental health problems |
1.12(0.12) | 1.16(0.13) | 1.09(0.14) |
| Emotional abuse | 0.78(0.22) | 1.27(0.24) | 1.63(0.34)* |
| Placement characteristics | |||
| Placement setting (Referent = non-relative) | |||
| Shelter | 0.22(0.09)*** | 0.58(0.15)* | 2.66(0.46)*** |
| Restrictive | 0.42(0.11)** | 0.54(0.08)*** | 0.48(0.07)*** |
| Kinship | 1.28(0.11)** | 1.08(0.11) | 1.26(0.22) |
| Siblings (Referent = placed apart from siblings) | |||
| Placed with all known siblings | 1.06(0.08) | 1.11(0.09) | 0.99(0.19) |
| No observed siblings | 0.54(0.05)*** | 0.88(0.11) | 1.52(0.20)** |
| Level of care (Referent = basic) | |||
| Unassigned | 0.74(0.08)** | 0.67(0.09)** | 1.26(0.27) |
| Specialized/moderate | 1.04(0.14) | 1.00(0.11) | 1.28(0.17) |
| Intense/psychiatric | 0.74(0.76) | 1.66(0.58) | 1.15(0.39) |
Notes:
*
p < .05.
**
p < 0.01.
***
p < 0.001.
Exponentiated coefficients are presented.