Table 4.
Known Groups Validity for TBI-CareQOL Measures
| Caregiver of a High Functioning Individual |
Caregiver of a Low Functioning Individual |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (MPAI-4 <60) | (MPAI-4 ≥60) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | % Severe Symptoms/ Impairment* |
Mean (SD) | % Severe Symptoms/ Impairment* |
Cohen's d Effect Size |
t | p | |
| Civilian sample | n = 163 | n = 26 | |||||
| Caregiver-Specific Anxiety CAT | 49.59 (10.25) | 14.20 | 55.08 (6.92) | 23.08 | −0.63 | −3.48 | 0.0011 |
| Caregiver Strain CAT | 45.65 (9.92) | 6.13 | 55.72 (9.79) | 34.62 | −1.02 | −4.81 | <.0001 |
| Feeling Trapped CAT | 44.21 (7.70) | 3.07 | 55.06 (5.81) | 19.23 | −1.59 | −6.87 | <.0001 |
| Feelings of Loss – Self CAT | 44.96 (10.05) | 5.52 | 55.79 (8.71) | 42.31 | −1.15 | −5.19 | <.0001 |
| Resilience SF^ | 49.32 (8.88) | 16.15 | 46.18 (9.05) | 19.23 | 0.35 | 1.67 | 0.0962 |
| Grief/Loss SF | 42.53 (8.98) | 2.45 | 50.95 (9.24) | 11.54 | −0.92 | −4.43 | <.0001 |
| Positive Affect and Well-Being CAT^ | 53.08 (7.78) | 3.73 | 49.42 (4.68) | 3.85 | 0.57 | 3.32 | 0.0017 |
| Positive Affect and Well-Being SF^ | 53.51 (7.39) | 2.48 | 50.08 (5.52) | 3.85 | 0.52 | 2.26 | 0.0250 |
| General Life Satisfaction CAT^ | 49.62 (9.42) | 13.13 | 41.03 (7.93) | 50.00 | 0.99 | 4.40 | <.0001 |
| Perceived Stress CAT | 46.91 (11.33) | 12.27 | 54.58 (10.06) | 23.08 | −0.72 | −3.25 | 0.0014 |
| Self-Efficacy CAT^ | 49.75 (10.46) | 16.77 | 49.62 (9.73) | 15.38 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.9507 |
| Sleep-Related Impairment CAT | 51.00 (10.67) | 22.50 | 58.60 (9.26) | 34.62 | −0.76 | −3.42 | 0.0008 |
| Sleep-Related Impairment SF | 49.62 (10.66) | 17.90 | 57.37 (9.08) | 30.77 | −0.78 | −3.50 | 0.0006 |
| SMV sample | n = 72 | n = 85 | |||||
| Caregiver-Specific Anxiety CAT | 52.60 (7.94) | 20.55 | 59.34 (7.25) | 46.43 | −0.75 | −4.73 | <.0001 |
| Caregiver Strain CAT | 51.46 (9.15) | 17.81 | 57.81 (7.51) | 38.10 | −0.76 | −4.77 | <.0001 |
| Feeling Trapped CAT | 50.68 (7.85) | 13.89 | 58.15 (5.97) | 47.06 | −1.07 | −6.62 | <.0001 |
| Feelings of Loss – Self CAT | 49.58 (9.86) | 12.50 | 55.71 (8.20) | 30.59 | −0.68 | −4.25 | <.0001 |
| Emotional Suppression CAT | 49.51 (8.95) | 11.24 | 54.15 (8.78) | 20.74 | −0.52 | −4.53 | <.0001 |
| Resilience SF^ | 49.56 (7.67) | 9.72 | 47.79 (9.11) | 21.95 | 0.21 | 1.29 | 0.1979 |
| Grief/Loss SF | 45.44 (9.26) | 5.56 | 51.14 (10.13) | 18.07 | −0.59 | −3.63 | 0.0004 |
| Positive Affect and Well-Being CA^ | 53.21 (6.78) | 4.17 | 49.03 (6.70) | 8.54 | 0.62 | 3.84 | 0.0002 |
| Positive Affect and Well-Being SF^ | 53.33 (6.38) | 1.39 | 49.22 (6.44) | 4.88 | 0.64 | 3.97 | 0.0001 |
| General Life Satisfaction CA^ | 49.45 (9.17) | 11.27 | 45.18 (9.42) | 23.17 | 0.46 | 2.83 | 0.0053 |
| Perceived Stress CAT | 49.61 (11.53) | 18.31 | 56.19 (11.52) | 38.55 | −0.57 | −3.53 | 0.0005 |
| Self-Efficacy CA^ | 50.50 (9.18) | 16.67 | 51.64 (10.73) | 14.46 | −0.11 | −0.71 | 0.4777 |
| Sleep-Related Impairment CAT | 54.97 (10.99) | 43.06 | 62.09 (9.62) | 65.06 | −0.69 | −4.30 | <.0001 |
| Sleep-Related Impairment SF | 55.79 (10.56) | 41.18 | 61.31 (9.68) | 61.82 | −0.54 | −4.11 | <.0001 |
^
Higher scores indicate better outcomes
*
Severe symptoms/impairment is defined as scores 1 standard deviation greater or less than the mean. In a normal distribution we would expect percentages to be approximately 16%