Table 1. Demographic information and scores for memory & learning, language, attention, and executive function, by group (mean and standard deviation).
| HC (n = 29) | MCI (n = 26) | Sig. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | Age (years) | 67.8 (7.7) | 70.6 (5.8) | * |
| Education (years) | 13.3 (3.7) | 14.3 (3.6) | n.s. | |
| Sex (F/M) | 21/8 | 14/12 | n.s. | |
| MMSE (/30) | 29.6 (0.6) | 28.2 (1.4) | *** | |
| Memory/Learning | RAVLT (total) | 45.5 (11.1) | 37.6 (10.7) | * |
| RAVLT (immediate) | 9.5 (3.5) | 6.1 (3.1) | *** | |
| RAVLT (delayed) | 9.2 (3.6) | 5.8 (3.5) | *** | |
| RCF (3 min) | 18.8 (5.1) | 15.8 (6.8) | n.s. | |
| RCF (20 min) | 18.6 (4.4) | 14.3 (7.0) | * | |
| WLM (immediate) | 25.8 (6.3) | 21.3 (7.6) | * | |
| WLM (delayed) | 21.9 (8.1) | 16.0 (10.5) | * | |
| Language | BNT | 53.3 (4.6) | 50.2 (7.6) | n.s. |
| Verbal Fluency (F-A-S) | 47.2 (11.5) | 43.6 (11.1) | n.s. | |
| Similarities (WAIS-III) | 24.6 (4.7) | 24.0 (5.2) | n.s. | |
| Token Test (Part 5) | 20.9 (1.4) | 20.0 (1.8) | n.s. | |
| Attention | Digit Span (WAIS-III) | 13.1 (3.5) | 12.4 (2.8) | n.s. |
| Digit-Symbol (WAIS-R) | 62.9 (12.3) | 54.2 (10.8) | ** | |
| TMT A | 34.1 (11.9) | 39.5 (13.3) | n.s. | |
| TMT B | 79.8 (32.9) | 97.8 (49.4) | n.s. | |
| Block design (WAIS-III) | 40.6 (9.5) | 35.5 (12.2) | n.s. | |
| RCF (copy) | 33.6 (2.4) | 32.4 (3.4) | n.s. | |
| Silhouettes (VOSP battery) | 22.4 (4.2) | 19.3 (3.3) | *** | |
| Executive Function | Letter-number sequencing (WAIS-III) | 9.5 (2.3) | 8.7 (2.6) | n.s. |
| PaSMO | 68.2 (21.5) | 86.8 (29.1) | * | |
| Stroop (Victoria version) (trial 1) | 13.2(2.4) | 14.6 (3.1) | n.s. | |
| Stroop (trial 2) | 17.6(3.4) | 19.4 (5.4) | n.s. | |
| Stroop (trial 3) | 24.1(6.6) | 27.6 (6.6) | * | |
| Stroop Effect | 1.8(0.4) | 1.9 (0.5) | n.s. |
BNT Boston Naming Test [25]; PaSMO Parallel Serial Mental Operation (a measure of mental control and working memory where the subject is asked to recite the alphabet, stating the number after each letter, i.e., A-1-B-2-C-3…) [26]; RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [27]; RFC Rey–Osterrieth complex figure (RCF) [28]; TMT A, TMT B Trail Making Test A and B [29]; VOSP Visual object and space perception battery [30]; WAIS Wechsler adult intelligence scale [31]; WLM: Wechsler logical memory [31]
‘*’ p < .05
‘**’ p < .01
‘***’ p < .001.