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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cancer Ther. 2020 May 19;19(7):1562–1571. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-19-1036

Figure 5. Resistance to cetuximab in HNSCC tumors with endogenous PTEN loss, and PI3K/mTOR network-based analysis of refractoriness to cetuximab.

Figure 5.

(A) UDSCC2 cells were transplanted into nude mice, and treated with vehicle control diluent or cetuximab (40 mg/kg), 3 times per week. (B) Representative tumors treated with vehicle control or cetuximab (HE staining). (C) Representative immunohistochemical analysis of pEGFR (Y1068) and pS6, as indicated. (D), graphic depicting copy number variations in the PI3K/mTOR pathway in HNSCC. Resistance to cetuximab can be specifically conferred by PIK3CA and RAS mutations (from reference 23), as well as from frequent PTEN gene copy loss (red border).