Table 2.
Trajectories of Functional Limitations: Black and White Adults Aged 55 and Older, HRS Cohort, Health & Retirement Study 1996–2014
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth rate | Growth rate | |||||
| Fixed effects | Intercept | Age(= Age − 55) | Age2 | Intercept | Age(= Age − 55) | Age2 |
| −.6640*** (.1759) | −.0181 (.0098) | .0036*** (.0003) | −.4009* (.1685) | −.0225* (.0092) | −.0038** (.0003) | |
| Black men | .2459 (.2086) | −.0449 (.0266) | .0021* (.0010) | .1759(.2166) | −.0380 (.0274) | .0021* (.0010) |
| White women | .7287*** (.1073) | .0274* (.0131) | −.0004 (.0005) | .6798*** (.1023) | −.0334** (.0128) | −.0005 (.0005) |
| Black women | 1.3399*** (.1093) | .0053 (.0212) | .0004 (.0008) | 1.2871*** (.1940) | .0139 (.0228) | .0001 (.0008) |
| Education (=Education – 12) | −.1716*** (.0108) | −.1720*** (.0105) | ||||
| Earnings (ln; mean-centered) | −.0134*** (.0028) | −.0130*** (.0028) | ||||
| Assets (ln; mean-centered) | −.2637*** (.0513) | −.2630*** (.0506) | ||||
| Married | −.1694* (.0663) | −.1696** (.0658) | ||||
| Working | −.3725*** (.0602) | −.3712*** (.0273) | ||||
| Ever smoked | .3193*** (.0602) | .3284*** (.0306) | ||||
| Obese | .3327*** (.0307) | .3284*** (.0306) | ||||
| Comorbidity | .7076*** (.0221) | .6670*** (.0216) | ||||
| Couple respondent | .0589 (.0662) | .0526 (.0658) | ||||
| Panel attrition (λ) | .9280*** (.2061) | .7722*** (.2005) | ||||
| Random effects | ||||||
| Variance (intercept) | 7.3450 | [6.9971, 7.7103] | White men | 4.8901 | [4.4832, 5.3339] | |
| Variance (age) | 0.0226 | [0.0213, 0.0240] | 0.0163 | [0.0147, 0.0181] | ||
| Cov (intercept, age) | −0.2263 | [−0.2453, −0.2073] | −0.1380 | [−0.1610, −0.1149] | ||
| Variance (intercept) | Black men | 8.8982 | [7.3698, 10.7437] | |||
| Variance (age) | 0.0314 | [0.0248, 0.0397] | ||||
| Cov (intercept, age) | −0.2771 | [−0.3743, −0.1800] | ||||
| Variance (intercept) | White women | 7.8805 | [7.3509, 8.4481] | |||
| Variance (age) | 0.0234 | [0.0215, 0.0255] | ||||
| Cov (intercept, age) | −0.2346 | [−0.2630, −0.2062] | ||||
| Variance (intercept) | Black women | 13.3642 | [11.7091, 15.2532] | |||
| Variance (age) | 0.0439 | [0.0373, 0.0516] | ||||
| Cov (intercept, age) | −0.5302 | [−0.6299, −0.4305] | ||||
| Variance (residual) | 2.1815 | [2.1486, 2.2149] | 2.1760 | [2.1432, 2.2094] | ||
| Log likelihood | −100029.1 | −99897.7 | ||||
| BIC | 200338.5 | 200172.7 | ||||
Note. n = 7,131 individuals, 48,000 observations; maximum likelihood estimates; Gaussian linked used due to censored normal distribution of the outcome; Coefficients with standard errors (in parentheses) reported for fixed effects and coefficients with 95% confidence intervals [in brackets] reported for random effects; BIC = Bayesian information criterion; linear, quadratic, cubic, and quartic functions of age tested and quadratic specification selected based on BIC.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.