Table 3. Comparison of pain parameters (r-VAS and c-VAS values, and total number of analgesic tablets taken) among the three groups. All values are shown as mean ± SD.

Pain	Groups			p*	p1-2	p1-3	p2-3
	Kinesio (n=20)	Placebo (n=20)	Control (n=20)
2nd postoperative day
r-VAS	1.9 ± 1.5	4.7 ± 3.0	4.4 ± 1.5	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	1.000
c-VAS	3.4 ± 1.7	5.8 ± 2.5	6.3 ± 1.5	<0.001	0.001	<0.001	1.000
Analgesic	2.9 ± 1.1	4.6 ± 1.1	5.3 ± 1.1	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.205
4th postoperative day
r-VAS	0.6 ± 0.9	2.1 ± 1.7	2.5 ± 1.3	<0.001	0.003	<0.001	1.000
c-VAS	1.2 ± 1.3	3.5 ± 1.9	4.4 ± 1.5	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.294
Analgesic	4.5 ± 2.2	7.1 ± 1.2	7.9 ± 1.7	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.329
7th postoperative day
r-VAS	0.1 ± 0.3	0.1 ± 0.2	0.1 ± 0.3	0.812	1.000	1.000	1.000
c-VAS	0.2 ± 0.4	0.2 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 0.7	0.503	1.000	0.785	1.000
Analgesic	5.1 ± 2.1	8.7 ± 1.2	9.3 ± 1.4	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.878

r-VAS, visual analog score at resting state; c-VAS, visual analog score at chewing state.

For description of p-values, please see footnote of Table 2.