Table 3.
Univariable comparisons of those who reported eating food items between cases and controls (169 matched pairs or 338 children).
| Food Items | ASD Cases N (%) | TD Controls N (%) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dairy Products/Eggs | |||
| Milk | 75 (44.4) | 91 (53.9) | 0.09 |
| Cheese | 112 (66.3) | 132 (78.1) | 0.02 |
| Yogurt | 32 (18.9) | 58 (34.3) | <0.01 |
| Eggs | 122 (72.2) | 142 (84.0) | <0.01 |
| Meat/Poultry | |||
| Beef | 53 (31.4) | 67 (39.6) | 0.11 |
| Lamb/Mutton | 18 (10.7) | 28 (16.6) | 0.10 |
| Goat | 58 (34.3) | 82 (48.5) | <0.01 |
| Pork | 68 (40.2) | 96 (56.8) | <0.01 |
| Liver/Kidney | 82 (48.5) | 99 (58.6) | 0.07 |
| Chicken | 157 (92.9) | 164 (97.0) | 0.07 |
| Fish & Seafood | |||
| Salt water fish | 87 (51.5) | 106 (62.7) | 0.03 |
| Fresh water fish | 43 (25.4) | 40 (23.7) | 0.71 |
| Canned Sardine/Mackerel | 119 (70.4) | 145 (85.8) | <0.01 |
| Canned Tuna | 43 (25.4) | 53 (31.4) | 0.21 |
| Salt fish/Pickled mackerel | 94 (55.6) | 135 (79.9) | <0.01 |
| Lobster/Crab | 4 (2.4) | 26 (15.4) | <0.01 |
| Shrimp | 6 (3.6) | 28 (16.6) | <0.01 |
| Packaged fish | 43 (25.4) | 30 (17.75) | 0.08 |
| Leafy Vegetables | |||
| Lettuce | 41 (24.3) | 89 (52.7) | <0.01 |
| Callaloo, broccoli, or pak choi | 99 (58.6) | 132 (78.1) | <0.01 |
| Cabbage | 91 (53.9) | 127 (75.2) | <0.01 |
Note: ASD, autism spectrum disorder; TD, typically developing.
a
P-value from Wald statistic in conditional logistic regression (CLR) models comparing cases and controls. (child age and sex were study matching factors and accounted for in CLR models)