Appendix 1:
Unweighted N and Weighted Percentages of Adults with Hypertension or Cardiovascular Diseases by Antihypertensive Categories Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2015.
| Beta-blocker | Other Anti-HTN | No Anti-HTN | Sig. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Wt% | N | Wt% | N | Wt% | |||
| ALL | 1,917 | 24.2 | 3,451 | 41.9 | 2,911 | 33.9 | ||
| Anti-hypertensive medications | *** | |||||||
| Cognitive Impairment | 457 | 20.2 | 612 | 15.1 | 427 | 13.2 | ||
| No Cognitive Impairment | 1,460 | 79.8 | 2,839 | 84.9 | 2,484 | 86.8 | ||
| Pain Interference with Normal Activities | ||||||||
| Pain | *** | |||||||
| No pain | 572 | 18.7 | 1,306 | 40.6 | 1,412 | 40.8 | ||
| A little bit | 512 | 24.8 | 898 | 41.7 | 706 | 33.5 | ||
| Moderate | 332 | 30.4 | 493 | 41.8 | 339 | 27.8 | ||
| Severe | 337 | 30.1 | 528 | 48.3 | 276 | 21.6 | ||
| Extreme | 137 | 33.0 | 188 | 39.9 | 132 | 27.1 | ||
| Biological Factors | ||||||||
| Sex | * | |||||||
| Female | 1,045 | 23.8 | 1,943 | 43.5 | 1,501 | 32.7 | ||
| Male | 872 | 24.5 | 1,508 | 40.3 | 1,410 | 35.2 | ||
| Age | *** | |||||||
| 21-44 years | 150 | 9.2 | 423 | 22.8 | 1,205 | 68.0 | ||
| 45-54 years | 253 | 16.8 | 698 | 42.4 | 664 | 40.8 | ||
| 55-64 years | 481 | 23.8 | 985 | 48.2 | 576 | 28.0 | ||
| 65 years and older | 1,033 | 36.3 | 1,345 | 48.1 | 466 | 15.6 | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | *** | |||||||
| White | 1,031 | 26.3 | 1,580 | 42.2 | 1,244 | 31.5 | ||
| African American | 432 | 21.6 | 908 | 45.3 | 610 | 33.1 | ||
| Latino | 286 | 16.4 | 653 | 36.6 | 789 | 47.0 | ||
| Other race | 168 | 21.7 | 310 | 41.2 | 268 | 37.1 | ||
| Socio-Economic Factors | ||||||||
| Poverty Status | *** | |||||||
| Poor | 336 | 20.6 | 601 | 39.4 | 589 | 39.9 | ||
| Near Poor | 465 | 27.0 | 743 | 39.6 | 669 | 33.5 | ||
| Middle Income | 564 | 25.4 | 1,001 | 40.2 | 839 | 34.4 | ||
| High Income | 552 | 23.1 | 1,106 | 44.8 | 814 | 32.2 | ||
| Education | * | |||||||
| Less than High School | 392 | 25.2 | 719 | 42.9 | 562 | 31.9 | ||
| High School | 652 | 25.6 | 1,097 | 41.9 | 924 | 32.6 | ||
| Greater than High School | 860 | 23.2 | 1,604 | 41.5 | 1,405 | 35.3 | ||
| Socio-cultural Factors | ||||||||
| Marital Status | *** | |||||||
| Married | 950 | 24.0 | 1,828 | 43.3 | 1,456 | 32.7 | ||
| Widowed | 318 | 32.3 | 474 | 50.1 | 190 | 17.6 | ||
| Divorced/Separated | 419 | 26.1 | 673 | 40.9 | 533 | 33.0 | ||
| Not Married | 230 | 16.2 | 476 | 30.6 | 732 | 53.1 | ||
| Behavioral Factors | ||||||||
| Body Mass Index | *** | |||||||
| Underweight | 21 | 24.5 | 21 | 26.5 | 40 | 49.0 | ||
| Normal | 358 | 20.0 | 648 | 36.0 | 755 | 44.1 | ||
| Over | 607 | 23.4 | 1,122 | 42.9 | 944 | 33.6 | ||
| Obese | 910 | 27.1 | 1,611 | 44.7 | 1,121 | 28.3 | ||
| Current Smoking | *** | |||||||
| Current Smoker | 251 | 19.6 | 478 | 36.1 | 582 | 44.3 | ||
| Other | 1614 | 24.9 | 2,887 | 43.0 | 2,267 | 32.2 | ||
| Exercise | *** | |||||||
| 5 times /week | 710 | 20.0 | 1,509 | 43.3 | 1,329 | 36.7 | ||
| No exercise | 1,200 | 27.7 | 1,928 | 40.8 | 1,560 | 31.5 | ||
| Access to Healthcare | ||||||||
| Insurance Coverage | *** | |||||||
| Public | 979 | 22.2 | 1,979 | 42.8 | 1,681 | 34.9 | ||
| Private | 867 | 31.0 | 1,265 | 42.6 | 820 | 26.4 | ||
| Uninsured | 71 | 12.4 | 207 | 28.3 | 410 | 59.3 | ||
| Prescription Coverage | *** | |||||||
| Yes | 753 | 21.5 | 1,609 | 42.5 | 1,377 | 36.0 | ||
| No | 1,164 | 27.1 | 1,842 | 41.3 | 1,534 | 31.6 | ||
| Health Status (Chronic Conditions) | ||||||||
| Asthma | ||||||||
| Yes | 283 | 25.1 | 488 | 43.1 | 370 | 31.8 | ||
| No | 1634 | 24.0 | 2,962 | 41.7 | 2,541 | 34.2 | ||
| COPD | *** | |||||||
| Yes | 224 | 31.9 | 320 | 43.5 | 188 | 24.6 | ||
| No | 1,693 | 23.3 | 3,131 | 41.7 | 2,723 | 34.9 | ||
| Cancer | *** | |||||||
| Yes | 297 | 32.8 | 401 | 48.5 | 163 | 18.7 | ||
| No | 1,620 | 22.9 | 3,050 | 40.9 | 2,748 | 36.2 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | *** | |||||||
| Yes | 695 | 32.7 | 1,128 | 51.0 | 389 | 16.3 | ||
| No | 1,222 | 21.4 | 2,322 | 39.0 | 2,522 | 39.6 | ||
| Mental Health Condition | ||||||||
| Yes | 539 | 25.2 | 881 | 43.0 | 674 | 31.7 | ||
| No | 1,378 | 23.8 | 2,570 | 41.5 | 2,237 | 34.7 | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia | *** | |||||||
| Yes | 1,369 | 30.1 | 2,151 | 46.2 | 1,154 | 23.7 | ||
| No | 547 | 16.0 | 1,298 | 35.9 | 1,756 | 48.1 | ||
| Arthritis | *** | |||||||
| Yes | 1,340 | 28.8 | 2,145 | 44.5 | 1,286 | 26.7 | ||
| No | 577 | 17.6 | 1,306 | 38.3 | 1,624 | 44.1 | ||
| External Environment | ||||||||
| Region | ||||||||
| Northeast | 327 | 26.9 | 499 | 38.8 | 432 | 34.3 | ||
| Midwest | 419 | 25.1 | 700 | 42.6 | 551 | 32.4 | ||
| South | 805 | 24.3 | 1,475 | 43.2 | 1,163 | 32.6 | ||
| West | 366 | 20.8 | 777 | 41.4 | 765 | 37.8 | ||
Notes: Based on 8,279 adults age 21 years or older, who participated in the survey in 2015, observed during the entire calendar year and reported having hypertension or cardiovascular diseases. Asterisks represent significant group differences by cognitive impairment based on Rao-Scott Chi square tests.
p< .001
.001 ≤ p < .01
.01 ≤ p <.05
Unweighted N may not add to total due to missing data in pain, body mass index, exercise, smoking, asthma, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and arthritis.
COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Sig: Significance, Wt. %: Weighted Percentage.