Table 2. List of genes encoding S. cerevisiae cytosolic and mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and their cytosolic or mitochondrial echoforms.
| Gene coding for | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aaRSs forms | aaRS echoforms | |||
| aaRS | cytosolic (c) |
mitochondrial (mt) |
cytosolic (cyte) | mitochondrial (mte) |
| IRS | ILS1 | ISM1 | - | - |
| GRS | GRS1/GRS2 | - | GRS1 | GRS1 −23 |
| SRS | SES1 | DIA4 | - | - |
| KRS | KRS1 | MSK1 | - | - |
| RRS | RRS1 | MSR1 | - | - |
| ERS | GUS1 | MSE1 | GUS1 | GUS1 |
| VRS | VAS1 | - | VAS1∆46 | VAS1 |
| YRS | TYS1 | MSY1 | - | - |
| MRS | MES1 | MSM1 | - | - |
| NRS | DED81 | SLM5 | - | - |
| PRS | YHR020W | AIM10 | - | - |
| TRS | THS1 | MST1 | - | - |
| DRS | DPS1 | MSD1 | - | - |
| FRS | FRS1 (β)/FRS2 (a) | MSF1 (a) | - | - |
| CRS | CRS1 | - | - | - |
| WRS | WRS1 | MSW1 | - | - |
| QRS | GLN4 | - | - | - |
| ARS | ALA1 | - | ALA1 | ALA1 −25 |
| LRS | CDC60 | NAM2 | - | - |
| HRS | HTS1 | - | HTS1∆20 | HTS1 |
The Saccharomyces Genome Database standard gene names are used. The amino acid (aa) one-letter code is used for the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase aa specificity and (-) means that the gene encoding the corresponding aaRS is missing. Two genes encode the cytosolic phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (cFRS) since the enzyme is an α2β2 hetero-tetramer. For echoforms, the position of the alternative initiation start codon is indicated and corresponds to the nomenclature described in Figure 3; briefly, (- number) means that the start codon of the mteaaRS is located (number) aa upstream the one that starts translation of the corresponding cyteaaRS while (∆number) means that the start codon of the cyteaaRS is located (number) aa downstream the one that starts translation of the corresponding mteaaRS.