Table 2.

Factors associated with physical activity in social distancing adults during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020 in the UK

Characteristics	Category	Sufficient physical activity per day (dichotomous variable; logistic regression)			Level of physical activity per day (continuous variable; linear regression)
		OR	95% CI	P value	β	95% CI	P value
Sex	Male	Reference
	Female	1.60	1.10 to 2.33	0.015	16.45	0.50 to 32.00	0.041
Age (years)	18–34	Reference
	35–64	1.44	0.94 to 2.20	0.091	28.09	9.54 to 47.03	0.003
	≥65	4.11	2.01 to 8.92	<0.001	71.70	46.23 to 98.13	<0.001
Marital status	Single/separated /divorced /widowed	Reference
	Married/ in a domestic partnership	1.38	0.92 to 2.06	0.119	4.48	−12.28 to 21.37	0.601
Employment	No	Reference
	Yes	0.85	0.55 to 1.33	0.485	−21.67	−40.27 to 3.37	0.021
Annual household income	<£15 000	Reference
	£15 000–<£25 000	2.03	1.11 to 3.76	0.023	35.88	9.04 to 62.66	0.009
	£25 000–<£40 000	3.16	1.68 to 6.04	<0.001	23.26	−3.20 to 50.01	0.087
	£40 000–<£60 000	2.27	1.19 to 4.34	0.013	27.40	−0.74 to 55.29	0.055
	≥£60 000	2.11	1.09 to 4.09	0.026	31.24	2.71 to 59.59	0.031
Region	England	Reference
	Northern Ireland	1.22	0.77 to 1.97	0.411	10.95	−8.04 to 30.07	0.260
	Scotland	3.42	0.84 to 23.35	0.128	−1.37	−52.46 to 50.02	0.958
	Wales	1.64	0.33 to 12.32	0.576	35.10	−31.49 to 102.06	0.302
Current smoking	No	Reference
	Yes	1.16	0.68 to 2.02	0.599	7.92	−15.29 to 31.47	0.506
Current alcohol consumption	No	Reference
	Yes	1.23	0.85 to 1.79	0.273	−11.99	−28.22 to 4.12	0.146
Level of physical activity per day when not social distancing	Per 1 min increase	1.00	1.00 to 1.01	<0.001	0.26	0.22 to 0.30	<0.001
Number of chronic physical conditions	Per one-condition increase	0.96	0.87 to 1.06	0.427	−4.02	−8.66 to 0.05	0.053
Number of chronic psychiatric conditions	Per one-condition increase	0.82	0.67 to 1.00	0.052	−3.70	−12.69 to 5.03	0.414
Any physical symptom experienced during social distancing	No	Reference
	Yes	0.31	0.21 to 0.46	<0.001	−25.53	−42.46 to −7.99	0.004
Number of days of social distancing	Per 1-day increase	1.03	0.99 to 1.07	0.162	−0.18	−1.28 to 0.93	0.756

Participants were asked how much time in minutes they spend on an average day in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity when self-isolating. The WHO recommendations on physical activity levels per week (ie, at least 150 min of moderate physical activity and/or 75 min of vigorous physical activity in adults aged ≥18 years) were further used to distinguish participants with and those without sufficient physical activity per day (ie, approximately 21 min of moderate physical activity and/or 11 min of vigorous physical activity). Physical activity was also included in the analyses as a continuous variable and corresponded to the number of minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day.

The association between defined factors (ie, sex, age, marital status, employment, annual household income, region, current smoking, current alcohol consumption, level of physical activity per day when not self-isolating, number of chronic physical conditions, number of chronic psychiatric conditions, any physical symptom experienced during social distancing and number of days of social distancing) and physical activity was studied using logistic (dichotomous physical activity variable) and linear regression (continuous physical activity variable) models.

All significant associations are reported in bold text.

SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.