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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 2.
Published in final edited form as: Platelets. 2020 Jan 14;31(7):952–959. doi: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1714573

Figure 2. Platelets are activated in patients with heart failure prior to and longitudinally following LVAD implantation.

Figure 2.

(A) To assess endogenous platelet activation, whole blood was drawn from patients with heart failure (n=32) or matched control donors without HF (Ctrl, n=20). Baseline (e.g. unstimulated) whole blood flow cytometry was performed to measure levels of circulating platelet-monocyte aggregate (PMA) formation, a sensitive index of endogenous platelet activation. (B-C) From the same whole blood samples, plasma was harvested as described in the methods. Levels of (B) platelet factor 4 (PF4) and (C) RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) were measured by commercially available ELISA. Numbers on the top refer to the p-value.