Table 2.
Adjusted odds ratios of HCV treatment initiation, by study period (i.e., before versus after regulatory approval of all-oral direct-acting antiviral therapy).
| Patient Characteristics | Pre-DAA (n= 15,063) | Post-DAA (n= 14,896) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main Variable of Interest | ||||
| HCV/HIV coinfection vs HCV monoinfection | 0.59 | (0.45–0.78)* | 1.08 | (0.87–1.33) |
| Age | ||||
| 18–49 | ref. | ref. | ||
| 50–59 | 1.15 | (1.05–1.25)* | 1.67 | (1.51–1.85)* |
| 60+ | 0.59 | (0.52–0.67)* | 1.53 | (1.38–1.71)* |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | ref. | ref. | ||
| Women | 0.89 | (0.82–0.96)* | 0.87 | (0.81–0.93)* |
| Type of Health Plan | ||||
| Basic/Comprehensive | ref. | ref. | ||
| EPO/PPO | 0.35 | (0.28–0.42)* | 1.40 | (1.22–1.60)* |
| HMO | 0.45 | (0.36–0.56)* | 1.09 | (0.93–1.28) |
| Non-Capitated POS | 0.64 | (0.50–0.81)* | 1.66 | (1.38–2.00)* |
| CDHP/HDHP | 0.51 | (0.39–0.65)* | 1.65 | (1.40–1.94)* |
| Other | 0.14 | (0.11–0.18)* | 0.81 | (0.59–1.10) |
| Substance use disorders | ||||
| Alcohol use disorders | 0.71 | (0.59–0.86)* | 0.65 | (0.55–0.75)* |
| Drug use disorders | 0.71 | (0.60–0.83)* | 0.68 | (0.55–0.77)* |
| Psychiatric disorders | ||||
| Depression | 0.81 | (0.72–0.91)* | 0.79 | (0.71–0.88)* |
| Schizophrenia | 0.92 | (0.48–1.76) | 0.61 | (0.35–1.08) |
| Epilepsy | 0.64 | (0.41–0.98)* | 0.85 | (0.62–1.18) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hepatitis A | 1.49 | (0.96–2.30) | 0.80 | (0.49–1.31) |
| Hepatitis B | 0.52 | (0.40–0.68)* | 0.37 | (0.29–0.48)* |
| Pancreatitis | 0.60 | (0.41–0.86)* | 0.63 | (0.47–0.84)* |
| Anemia | 0.56 | (0.49–0.65)* | 0.73 | (0.65–0.82)* |
| Diabetes | 0.97 | (0.87–1.09) | 0.96 | (0.87–1.06) |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.83 | (0.76–0.91)* | 0.70 | (0.65–0.77)* |
| Obstructive lung diseases | 0.75 | (0.66–0.85)* | 0.79 | (0.71–0.87)* |
| Hypertension | 0.92 | (0.84–1.00) | 1.04 | (0.96–1.13) |
| Congestive heart failure | 0.39 | (0.27–0.56)* | 0.55 | (0.45–0.68)* |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.67 | (0.56–0.81)* | 0.96 | (0.83–1.10) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0.77 | (0.62–0.95)* | 0.96 | (0.82–1.13) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.67 | (0.52–0.85)* | 0.91 | (0.76–1.08) |
| Chronic Kidney disease | 0.38 | (0.28–0.53)* | 0.71 | (0.59–0.86)* |
| Cirrhosis | 0.79 | (0.65–0.95)* | 1.06 | (0.88–1.27) |
| Decompensated cirrhosis | 0.45 | (0.35–0.59)* | 0.70 | (0.55–0.87)* |
| Other non-alcoholic liver conditions | 1.49 | (1.35–1.65)* | 1.31 | (1.19–1.45) |
| Alcoholic liver conditions | 0.80 | (0.52–1.23) | 0.57 | (0.38–0.87)* |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 0.15 | (0.08–0.32)* | 0.38 | (0.23–0.61)* |
| Liver transplant | 0.27 | (0.12–0.62)* | 0.98 | (0.59–1.61) |
| Sarcoidosis | 0.40 | (0.14–1.17) | 0.46 | (0.20–1.07) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.23 | (0.96–1.56) | 0.81 | (0.64–1.03) |
| SLE | 1.69 | (0.99–2.90) | 0.86 | (0.47–1.57) |
| Pregnancy | 0.39 | (0.25–0.63)* | 0.24 | (0.15–0.38)* |
*
p-value < 0.05
Abbreviations: CDHP, consumer-driven health plan; DAA, direct acting antiviral; EPO, exclusive provider organization; HDHP, high deductible health plan; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HMO, health maintenance organization; non-cap pos, non-capitated point-of-service; PPO, preferred provider organization; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus