Table 1.
Antimicrobial activities of bare C-dots and CoxNi1−xFe2O4; x = 0.9/SiO2/TiO2/C-dots nanocomposite, against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and pathogenic Candida species, measured as ZOI (mm) and MIC (μg/ml).
| Pathogenic microbes | ZOI of bare c-dots (10 µg/ml) (mm) | ZOI of bare c-dots (15 µg/ml) (mm) | MIC of bare c-dots (µg/ml) | ZOI of CoxNi1−xFe2O4; x = 0.9/SiO2/TiO2/C-dots (10 µg/ml) (mm) | ZOI of CoxNi1−xFe2O4; x = 0.9/SiO2/TiO2/C-dots (15 µg/ml) (mm) | MIC of CoxNi1−xFe2O4; x = 0.9/SiO2/TiO2/C-dots (µg/ml) | AMC or NS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli | 14d ± 0.2516 | 18d ± 0.2516 | 1.562 | 30e ± 0.1000 | 36g ± 0.2516 | 0.024 | 19c ± 0.2516 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 13c ± 0.2081 | 14b ± 0.1154 | 1.562 | 21d ± 0.3000 | 33e ± 0.4725 | 0.195 | 10a ± 0.1527 |
| Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA | 9a ± 0.4041 | 10a ± 0.5291 | 12.5 | 11a ± 0.2309 | 12a ± 0.4725 | 6.25 | Nil |
| Bacillus cereus | 13c ± 0.4509 | 16c ± 0.1000 | 0.751 | 16b ± 0.4506 | 24c ± 0.1154 | 0.390 | 15b ± 0.3214 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 9a ± 0.4509 | 10a ± 0.2516 | 6.25 | 16b ± 0.4041 | 18b ± 0.1154 | 3.125 | Nil |
| Candida albicans | 12b ± 0.4041 | 16c ± 0.2516 | 3.125 | 16b ± 0.1732 | 25d ± 0.2000 | 0.781 | Nil |
| Candida tropicalis | 16e ± 0.3214 | 18e ± 0.2516 | 0.781 | 20c ± 0.3000 | 35f ± 0.3055 | 0.097 | Nil |
| LSD | 0.76667 | 1.50000 | – | 4.03333 | 0.96667 | – | – |
Values are presented as means ± SD (n = 3). Data within the groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by superscript letters (a–g) Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT), LSD least significant difference.
Nil means that no ZOI was measured. AMC amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (standard antibacterial agent). NS Nystatin (standard antifungal agent).