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. 2020 Jul 7;11:1138. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01138

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Copyright © 2020 Omura, Sato, Park, Fujita, Khadka, Nakamura, Katsuki, Nishio, Gavins and Tsunoda.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Time course analyses of bacterial alpha diversities of microbiome among TMEV-infected and control groups. Using QIIME 2, we compared the number of genera, evenness, and the combination of them between the groups (n = 5) by Faith's phylogenetic diversity index (A), Pielou's evenness index (B), and Shannon index (C), respectively. (A) The numbers of bacterial genera differed significantly only between control groups days 4 and 35 (*P < 0.05, ANOVA). (B) We found significantly increased evenness in the TMEV-infected group on day 35 compared with all the other groups (*P < 0.05, ANOVA). (C) We found increased Shannon indices in TMEV-infected groups over the time course, but no statistical differences between the groups (P = 0.35, control vs. TMEV groups on day 35).