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Immune communication pathway.
| Microbiota-gut-brain communication routes | GI and Brain effects | References | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. HPA axis | A1. ↑↓ pro-anti-inflammatory cytokines | A1.1 ↑↓ Intestinal and BBB permeability, ↑↓ systemic, and central inflammation | Dantzer, 2018 |
| B. Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) | B1. LPS, Neurotoxins, SCFA | B1.1 ↑↓ Intestinal and BBB permeability, ↑↓ systemic and central inflammation | Farzi et al., 2018 |
