Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the included studies.

Authors [reference]	Publication Year	Study Country	Sample Size	Diagnostic criteria for ED	Risk factors	Measure of association		Sampling Technique	Type of DM	Quality Score
						Effect size	p-value
Ugwu et al [48]	2016	Nigeria	160	IIEF-5	Duration of DM P. vasulardisease HbA1c ≥ 7% Testosterone Autonomic neuropathy	aOR = 1.14(1.02–1.28) aOR = 3.8(1.28,11.67) aOR = 7.1(2.49,20.37) aOR = 6.6(2.61–16.83) aOR = 3.5(1.82–6.79)	0.024 0.016 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001	Consecutive	Type2	6
Obi et al. [49]	2016	Nigeria	300	IIEF-5	AGE SBP	Mean = 60.7 ± 10.3 Mean = 135.23 ± 21.49	0.048 0.003	Consecutive	Type2	7
BELLO KS, et al. [50]	2017	Nigeria	311	IIEF	Age Divorced Unemployment HTN SBP	X2 = 29.382 X2 = 7.446 X2 = 17.503 X2 = 11.440 X2 = 5.089	<0.001 0.026 0.001 0.001 0.032	Consecutive	Type2	8
Amidu et al. [55]	2013	Ghana	300	GRISS	Age SBP DBP duration of DM	r = 0.39 r = 0.23 r = 0.19 r = 0.26	0.001 0.001 0.01 0.001	Consecutive	Type 1&2	6
Worku et al. [53]	2010	Ethiopia	305	NR	Age Duration of DM		0.045 0.012	Systematic random sampling	Type 1&2	7
Asefa et al. [54]	2019	Ethiopia	423	CSFQ-14	Age lack of education divorced depression comorbidity not exercise	aOR: 3.9(2.32–6.85) aOR: 3.2(1.60–6.39) aOR: 5.3(2.35–11.86) aOR: 4.0(2.32–7.10) aOR: 2.0(1.18–3.58) aOR: 1.62(1.47–1.77)	0.001 0.001 0.02 0.001 0.01 0.037	Consecutive	Type 1&2	6
Annani-Akollor et al. [56]	2019	Ghana	1600	NR	Age Married Read and write		0.04 0.03 0.01	Consecutive	Type2	7
El Saghier et al. [31]	2015	Egypt	70	IIEF-5	Age BMI kg/m2 WC cm SBP mmHg DBP mmHg HBA1c% Testosterone	aOR = 0.68 (0.58,0.80) aOR = 0.55(0.41,0.72) aOR = 0.89 (0.84,0.94) aOR = 0.81(0.74, 0.89) aOR = 0.73 (0.62,0.85) OR = 0.02(0.004,0.114 aOR = 1.4 (1.21, 1.63)	0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001	Consecutive	Type2	7
Kemp et al. [57]	2015	South Africa	150	SHIM	Age Body mass index P. neuropathy On diuretic	aOR = 1.1(1.05, 1.17) aOR = 1.09(1.01, 1.18) aOR = 1.22(1.04,1.45) aOR = 5.26(1.89,14.6)	0.001 0.049 0.018 0.002	Simple random sampling	Type 1&2	7
Likata et al. [58]	2012	Kenya	350	IIEF	Age P. education 2nd education Duration of DM	aOR = 4.8(1.1,22.2) aOR = 8.3 (2.1,33.8) aOR = 12.9(3.1,52.8) aOR = 4.7 (1.9,11.6)	0.039 0.001 0.003 0.001	Consecutive	Type 1&2	7
Mutagaywa et al. [60]	2014	Tanzania	312	IIEF	Age p. neuropathy p. vascular disease Monofilament test couldn’t feel	aOR = 7.1(1.2–40.7) aOR = 5.9(1.6–21.3) aOR = 2.5(1.2–5.3) aOR = 4.9(2.6–9.5)	0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001	Unspecified	Type 1&2	7
Olarinoye et al. [46]	2006	Nigeria	77	IIEF	Age Duration of DM		0.04 0.04	Consecutive	Type2	7
Owiredu et al. [32]	2011	Ghana	300	GRISS	Age Income Obese No exercise	r = 0.39 r = 0.20 aOR = 10.4(2.3–47.6) aOR = 2.0(1.1–3.6)	0.001 0.01 0.003 0.023	Consecutive	Type 1&2	7
Pasipanodya et al. [59]	2018	Zimbabwe	348	IIEF	Age SBP On HTN drug HbA1C > 7%		0.009 0.009 0.007 0.02	Consecutive	Type 1&2	6
Seid et al. [51]	2017	Ethiopia	249	IIEF	Age > 60 duration of dm high monthly income	aOR = 15(3.21, 70.16) aOR = 3.7(1.2,11.05) aOR = 0.28(0.13,0.61)	0.001 0.001 0.015	Systematic random sampling	Type 1&2	8
Ugwumba et al. [47]	2018	Nigeria	325	IIEF	Age FBS HBA1c Duration of DM BMI	aOR = 1.05(1.03,1.08) aOR = 1.03(1.01,1.08) aOR = 5.9(4.01,7.07) aOR = 2.7(1.48,5.23) aOR = 2.22(1.17,3.36)	0.02 0.001 0.001 0.002 <0.001	Consecutive	Type2	7
Walle et al. [52]	2018	Ethiopia	422	IIEF	Age Duration of DM Dm complication	aOR = 7.1(2.61,19.45) aOR = 3.9 (1.06,17.36) aOR = 5.2(2.04–13.42)	<0.05 <0.05 <0.05	Systematic Random sampling	Type 1&2	6

NR; not reported; GRISS: Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction; IIEF: International Index of Erectile Function; SHIM: Sexual Health Inventory for Men; CSFQ-14: Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire-fourteen items; DM: diabetes mellitus.